Hydrogeochemical Indicators of Groundwater Flow Systems in the Yangwu River Alluvial Fan,Xinzhou Basin,Shanxi, China

Based on analysis of groundwater hydrochemical and isotopic indicators, this article aims to identify the groundwater flow systems in the Yangwu River alluvial fan, in the Xinzhou Basin, China. Groundwater δ²H and δ¹⁸O values indicate that the origin of groundwater is mainly from precipitation, with local evaporative influence. d-excess values lower than 10% in most groundwaters suggest a cold climate during recharge in the area. Major ion chemistry, including rCa/rMg and rNa/rCl ratios, show that groundwater salinization is probably dominated by water–rock interaction (e.g., silicate mineral weathering, dissolution of calcite and dolomite and cation exchange) in the Yangwu River alluvial fan, and locally by intensive evapotranspiration in the Hutuo River valley. Cl and Sr concentrations follow an increasing trend in shallow groundwater affected by evaporation, and a decreasing trend in deep groundwater. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios reflect the variety of lithologies encountered during throughflow. The groundwater flow systems (GFS) of the Yangwu River alluvial fan include local and intermediate flow systems. Hydrogeochemical modeling results, simulated using PHREEQC, reveal water–rock interaction processes along different flow paths. This modeling method is more effective for characterizing flow paths in the intermediate system than in the local system. Artificial exploitation on groundwater in the alluvial fan enhances mixing between different groundwater flow systems.     

我国旅游教育发展的初步研究

我国旅游业的高速发展推动了旅游教育事业快速发展,同时也给旅游教育提出了更高的要求和挑战.在文献分析和整理的基础上,简要梳理了改革开放以来我国旅游教育发展所取得的显著成就,归纳出旅游专业教育在培养目标和模式、教学观念、课程设置、教学方法、师资力量、就业等方面存在的问题,最后提出了未来旅游教育发展的对策和建议.     

The Sustainable Development of ICTs in China： An Empirical Study of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

The wide application of new information and communication technologies （ICTs） has been argued to be critical to business success of small and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs）, especially to those in the developing countries. Drawing upon existing literature, this article will examine the determinants of ICTs application in SMEs in China based on data collected from interviews with top managers and/or owners of 70 SMEs. We identify 20 factors affecting ICTs application in SMEs in China and divide them into four broad categories, namely pressures, firm specific factors, technical factors and local milieu. We also pay special attention to the Chinese business environment affecting ICTs application. Our analysis shows that local ICT infrastructure, external pressures from competitors and ICT knowledge of employees are the determinants of Internet application by SMEs, while product characteristics and market target are important factors of e-commerce adoption.     

玄武湖挺水植物区与敞水区浮游甲壳动物昼夜水平迁移初探

浮游甲壳动物昼夜垂直迁移(DVM)是深水湖泊中的一种常见的现象,在浅水湖泊中,没有明显的下层滞水层为浮游甲壳动物提供避护所,浮游甲壳动物的垂直迁移活动不明显。但浅水湖泊挺水植物的存在为浮游甲壳动物提供了区别于敞水带的生境,结合理化、浮游植物和鱼的因素,对浅水湖泊玄武湖挺水植物区与敞水区浮游甲壳动物的昼夜水平迁移进行了研究。结果得出：浅水湖泊玄武湖中理化环境（如温度、溶解氧和pH)在荷花区、敞水区、荷花区与敞水区的交界区差异不大,对浮游甲壳动物的昼夜水平迁移不起主导作用。荷花区的浮游植物在质量和数量上低于敞水区,浮游甲壳动物在夜间捕食压力小的情况下会向敞水区移动。敞水区、交界区浮游甲壳动物在白天被捕食的风险要大于荷花区,因而白天时间浮游甲壳动物会迁移到荷花区聚集.     

Correlations between physicochemical properties of PAHs and their distribution in soil, moss and reindeer dung at Ny-Ålesund of the Arctic

Concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil, moss and reindeer dung collected at Ny-Ålesund of the Arctic were measured to investigate their accumulation trends and distribution in the three compartments. Compared with the other regions, the proportions of 2 + 3 ring PAHs to the total PAHs were higher, whereas the proportions of 5 + 6 ring PAHs were lower in the three compartments at Ny-Ålesund. Significant log/log-linear relationship was observed between the sub-cooled liquid vapor pressure and the soil/moss quotient (Q_SM). The relation was similar to the relationship between the gas/particle partition coefficient (K_P) and of PAHs, implying Q_SM would be a “mirror image” of K_P. Excellent log/log-linear relationships were observed between Q_SM and K_OA as well as between the moss/dung quotient (Q_MD) and K_OW. The results presented here indicate the physicochemical properties are suitable for characterizing the distribution of PAHs in soil, moss and reindeer dung.     

我国旅游景区经营模式的构想

本文以旅游景区的经营模式为研究核心,从现有国内外旅游景区组织结构分析入手,构建了适合我国国情和旅游景区可持续发展要求的两种经营模式：一种是国有国营的次国家公园模式,另一种是完全企业化经营,并且提出了两种模式运作的保障条件。     

火电厂烟气排放连续监测系统的检测

针对烟气排放连续监测系统（CEMS）现场检测中发现的许多问题进行了探讨。并提出建议,认为完善和规范标准体系、加强监督管理是解决当前问题的主要途径。     

Removal of Cr(VI) from simulative contaminated groundwater by iron metal

The Cr(VI) removal from simulative contaminated groundwater using zero-valent iron (Fe⁰) filings, Fe⁰ powder and nanoscale Fe⁰ in batch experimental mode was studied. Cr(VI) is a primary pollutant of some soils and groundwater. Zero-valent iron, an important natural reductant, could transform Cr(VI) to Cr(III) which is much less toxic and immobile. The Cr(VI) removal percentage was 87% at a metal to solution ratio of 6 g l⁻¹ for commercial iron powder (200 mesh) in 120 min, and 100% Cr(VI) was removed when the metal to solution ratio was 10 g l⁻¹. The results demonstrates that the Cr(VI) removal percentage was affected apparently by pH, the amount of Fe powder and the reaction temperature. The Cr(VI) removal percentage with nanoscale Fe⁰ was much higher than those with Fe⁰ filings or Fe⁰ powder at the same reaction time. Electrochemical analysis of the reaction process led to the conclusion that the Cr(VI) trended to form Cr(III) hydroxide under the reaction conditions. The kinetics analysis showed that Cr(VI) reduction by Fe⁰ could be described as a pseudo-first-order kinetics model.     

森林消防人员防烟面罩技术探讨及应用

阐述了森林消防防烟面罩的研制及其改进过程,介绍了森林消防防烟面罩的主要技术经济指标及野外应用试验。     

双酚A及其类似物对斑马鱼胚胎及幼鱼的毒性效应

为探讨双酚A及其类似物对鱼类早期生长发育的毒性效应,研究了双酚A及其7种类似物对斑马鱼胚胎及仔鱼的毒性效应。通过对胚胎的孵化率、心率、仔鱼体长等指标进行测定分析,结果显示:(1)双酚A及其7种类似物都可使斑马鱼胚胎出现心包水肿、卵黄囊肿、脊柱弯曲和尾部弯曲等症状。(2)综合考虑斑马鱼78 hpf胚胎心率、120 hpf胚胎孵化率及7 dpf仔鱼体长抑制率等指标,8种受试物中双酚P(BPP)的毒性最大,其次是双酚AP(BPAP)、双酚AF(BPAF)、双酚Z(BPZ),然后是双酚A(BPA)、双酚B(BPB)、双酚F(BPF),双酚S(BPS)的毒性最小,每种受试物的浓度与受精卵的孵化率、仔鱼心率呈明显负相关关系,与体长抑制率呈明显正相关关系。8种受试物毒性与辛醇-水分配系数(log K_(OW))呈正相关关系,log K_(OW)越大毒性则越大。