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91.
This study determined whether the acoustic roughness of Caribbean reef habitats is an accurate proxy for their topographic
complexity and a significant predictor of their fish abundance. Fish abundance was measured in 25 sites along the forereef
of Glovers Atoll (Belize). At each site, in situ rugosity (ISR) was estimated using the “chain and tape” method, and acoustic
roughness (E1) was acquired using RoxAnn. The relationships between E1 and ISR, and between both E1 and ISR and the abundance
of 17 common species and the presence of 10 uncommon species were tested. E1 was a significant predictor of the topographic complexity (r
2 = 0.66), the abundance of 10 common species of surgeonfishes, pomacentrids, scarids, grunts and serranids and the presence of 4 uncommon species of pomacentrids and snappers. Small differences in E1 (i.e. ∆0.05–0.07) reflected in subtle but significant differences
in fish abundance (~1 individual 200 m−2 and 116 g 200 m−2) among sites. Although we required the use of IKONOS data to obtain a large number of echoes per site, future studies will
be able to utilise RoxAnn data alone to detect spatial patterns in substrate complexity and fish abundance, provided that
a minimum of 50 RoxAnn echoes are collected per site. 相似文献
92.
Akter S Brouwer R van Beukering PJ French L Silver E Choudhury S Aziz SS 《Disasters》2011,35(2):287-307
This paper aims to contribute to the debate on the feasibility of the provision of micro flood insurance as an effective tool for spreading disaster risks in developing countries and examines the role of the institutional-organisational framework in assisting the design and implementation of such a micro flood insurance market. In Bangladesh, a private insurance market for property damage and livelihood risk due to natural disasters does not exist. Private insurance companies are reluctant to embark on an evidently unprofitable venture. Testing two different institutional-organisational models, this research reveals that the administration costs of micro-insurance play an important part in determining the long-term viability of micro flood insurance schemes. A government-facilitated process to overcome the differences observed in this study between the nonprofit micro-credit providers and profit-oriented private insurance companies is needed, building on the particular competence each party brings to the development of a viable micro flood insurance market through a public-private partnership. 相似文献
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Sharma Padma Rathee Sonia Ahmad Mustaqeem Batish Daizy R. Singh Harminder P. Kohli Ravinder K. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(38):57102-57111
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Toxic contaminants (metals and metal-containing compounds) are accumulating in the environment at an astonishing rate and jeopardize human health.... 相似文献
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Rabih Sa Zorana Radovic-Hrapovi Behzad Ahvazi Sonia Thiboutot Guy Ampleman Jalal Hawari 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(5):808-813
The present study describes the use of two commercially available lignins, namely, alkali and organosolv lignin, for the removal of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), a chemical widely used by the military and the dye industry, from water. Sorption of DNAN on both lignins reached equilibrium within 10 hr and followed pseudo second-order kinetics with sorption being faster with alkali than with organosolv lignin, i.e. k2 10.3 and 0.3 g/(mg hr), respectively. In a separate study we investigated sorption of DNAN between 10 and 40°C and found that the removal of DNAN by organosolv lignin increased from 0.8 to 7.5 mg/g but reduced slightly from 8.5 to 7.6 mg/g in the case of alkali lignin. Sorption isotherms for either alkali or organosolv lignin best fitted Freundlich equation with enthalpy of formation, ΔH0 equaled to 14 or 80 kJ/mol. To help understand DNAN sorption mechanisms we characterized the two lignins by elemental analysis, BET nitrogen adsorption-desorption and 31P NMR. Variations in elemental compositions between the two lignins indicated that alkali lignin should have more sites (O- and S-containing functionalities) for H-bonding. The BET surface area and calculated total pore volume of alkali lignin were almost 10 times greater than that of organosolv lignin suggesting that alkali lignin should provide more sites for sorption. 31P NMR showed that organosolv lignin contains more phenolic -OH groups than alkali lignin, i.e., 70% and 45%, respectively. The variations in the type of OH groups between the two lignins might have affected the strength of H-bonding between DNAN and the type of lignin used. 相似文献
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100.
Sonia G��mez Daniel Gorri ��ngel Irabien 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,176(1-4):385-401
This paper documents levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCs) in coastal surface sediments from selected reference sites on the northern Atlantic Spanish coast. One hundred eight samples covering three estuaries in the Cantabrian Coast were sampled in 2006 and analyzed in the finer fraction (<63 ??m) for 19 OCs by gas chromatography with electron capture detector after confirmation by mass spectrometry. Detected organochlorine pesticides were endosulfan ??, endosulfan ??, endosulfan sulfate, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), aldrin, dieldrin, methoxychlor, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (4,4??-DDE) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (4,4??-DDD). Total OCs concentrations ranged from 1.8 ng g???1 dry weight (dw) to 3.9 ng g???1 dw, showing a uniform distribution along the studied area, and being consistent with recorded levels in the literature for coastal sediments in other reference sites with low levels of pollution by OCs along the Atlantic Ocean. Endosulfan, 4,4??-DDD, HCB, aldrin, and dieldrin seemed to be ubiquitous as the legacy of past uses and deposition. OCs concentrations were significantly correlated to organic matter content and particle size distribution. No adverse biological effects derived from these pollutants are expected to take place as it can be concluded from the comparison with the existent marine sediment quality guidelines. 相似文献