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31.
Leon Liegel David Cassell Donald Stevens Paul Shaffer Robbins Church 《Environmental management》1991,15(2):269-279
The Direct/Delayed Response Project (DDRP) is one of several studies being conducted by the United States Environmental Protection
Agency to assess risk to surface waters from acidic deposition in the eastern United States. In one phase of DDRP, land use,
wetland, and forest cover data were collected for statistical samples of 145 Northeast lake and 35 Southern Blue Ridge Province
stream watersheds in the United States. Land-use and other data then were extrapolated from individual to target watershed
populations. Project statistical design allows summarization of results for various subsets of the target population. This
article discusses results and implications of the land-use and land-cover characterization for both regions.
Forest cover was the primary land use in both regions. In the Northeast, developed (agriculture and urban) land was positively
associated with surface-water chemistry values for acid neutralizing capacity, Ca plus Mg, pH, and sulfate in the Pocono/Catskill
subregion. Extensive wetlands and beaver activity occur in parts of the Northeast region, whereas topography limits wetland
and riparian development in the Southern Blue Ridge Province. Northeast soils have low sulfate adsorption capacity, most watersheds
are near sulfur steady state, and lake sulfate concentrations are controlled principally by levels of sulfur deposition. Net
annual sulfur retention in Northeast watersheds is positively correlated with occurrence of wetlands and beaver impoundments.
In contrast, most Southern Blue Ridge Province soils have high sulfate adsorption capacities, resulting in high net watershed
sulfur retention. At the present time, stream sulfate concentrations and percent sulfur retention are controlled principally
by soil chemical properties related to adsorption rather than atmospheric deposition and land use.
The information in this document has been funded wholly by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. It has been
subjected to the agency's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention
of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. 相似文献
32.
Interactions between period and degree of pressure have been investigated in membrane and filament systems of gill tissue, skin, and muscles of Modiolus modiolus, Mytilus edulis (Baltic and North Seas) and Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Pallas) at the ultrastructural level. The results show the importance of time for the degree of structural disintegration at constant pressure. Destruction already occurs after 2 min of low-pressure treatment at 300 atm. After 10 min continued pressure at the same level, no further structural dis-organization (qualitative or quantitative) occurs, even when the time period is prolonged. For some organelles (i.e., cilia and microvilli), better structural preservation is apparent after 30-min pressure compared to 10-min treatment at the same pressure level. This is a so-called “acclimatisation” to pressure. 相似文献
33.
Investigation of selective catalytic reduction impact on mercury speciation under simulated NOx emission control conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lee CW Srivastava RK Ghorishi SB Hastings TW Stevens FM 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2004,54(12):1560-1566
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology increasingly is being applied for controlling emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from coal-fired boilers. Some recent field and pilot studies suggest that the operation of SCR could affect the chemical form of mercury (Hg) in coal combustion flue gases. The speciation of Hg is an important factor influencing the control and environmental fate of Hg emissions from coal combustion. The vanadium and titanium oxides, used commonly in the vanadia-titania SCR catalyst for catalytic NOx reduction, promote the formation of oxidized mercury (Hg2+). The work reported in this paper focuses on the impact of SCR on elemental mercury (Hg0) oxidation. Bench-scale experiments were conducted to investigate Hg0 oxidation in the presence of simulated coal combustion flue gases and under SCR reaction conditions. Flue gas mixtures with different concentrations of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) for simulating the combustion of bituminous coals and subbituminous coals were tested in these experiments. The effects of HCl and SO2 in the flue gases on Hg0 oxidation under SCR reaction conditions were studied. It was observed that HCl is the most critical flue gas component that causes conversion of Hg0 to Hg2+ under SCR reaction conditions. The importance of HCl for Hg0 oxidation found in the present study provides the scientific basis for the apparent coal-type dependence observed for Hg0 oxidation occurring across the SCR reactors in the field. 相似文献
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36.
E.?P.?BadásEmail author J.?Martínez J.?Rivero-de Aguilar C.?Ponce M.?Stevens S.?Merino 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2018,105(1-2):17
Carry-over effects refer to processes that occur in one season and influence fitness in the following. In birds, two costly activities, namely reproduction and moult, are restricted to a small time window, and sometimes overlap. Thus, colour in newly moulted feathers is likely to be affected by the costs of reproduction. Using models of bird vision we investigated male colour change in a free-living population of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) in three sampling occasions: spring 1, winter and spring 2. We related crown, tail, breast and cheek feather colouration after the moult (winter) to the intensity of infections by blood parasites during reproduction (spring 1). In the following spring (spring 2), we explored mating patterns with respect to changes in feather colour (springs 1 vs. 2). Males that were less intensely infected by the malaria parasite Plasmodium while breeding showed purer white cheek feathers in winter, which may indicate higher feather quality. Increased brightness in the white cheek was associated with better body condition during reproduction. In the following season, males with brighter cheeks paired with females that had noticeably brighter cheek patches compared to the male’s previous mate. These results suggest that the conditions experienced during reproduction are likely to affect moult and thus feather colouration, at least in the white patch. High quality individuals may allocate resources efficiently during reproduction increasing future reproductive success through variation in mating patterns. Carry-over effects from reproduction might extend not only to the non-breeding phase, but also to the following breeding season. 相似文献
37.
S. C. Faulkner M. C. A. Stevens S. S. Romañach P. A. Lindsey S. C. Le Comber 《Conservation biology》2018,32(3):685-693
Poaching can have devastating impacts on animal and plant numbers, and in many countries has reached crisis levels, with illegal hunters employing increasingly sophisticated techniques. We used data from an 8‐year study in Savé Valley Conservancy, Zimbabwe, to show how geographic profiling—a mathematical technique originally developed in criminology and recently applied to animal foraging and epidemiology—can be adapted for use in investigations of wildlife crime. The data set contained information on over 10,000 incidents of illegal hunting and the deaths of 6,454 wild animals. We used a subset of data for which the illegal hunters’ identities were known. Our model identified the illegal hunters’ home villages based on the spatial locations of the hunting incidences (e.g., snares). Identification of the villages was improved by manipulating the probability surface inside the conservancy to reflect the fact that although the illegal hunters mostly live outside the conservancy, the majority of hunting occurs inside the conservancy (in criminology terms, commuter crime). These results combined with rigorous simulations showed for the first time how geographic profiling can be combined with GIS data and applied to situations with more complex spatial patterns, for example, where landscape heterogeneity means some parts of the study area are less likely to be used (e.g., aquatic areas for terrestrial animals) or where landscape permeability differs (e.g., forest bats tend not to fly over open areas). More broadly, these results show how geographic profiling can be used to target antipoaching interventions more effectively and more efficiently and to develop management strategies and conservation plans in a range of conservation scenarios. 相似文献
38.
Chantal Deden Kornelia Neveling Dimitra Zafeiropopoulou Christian Gilissen Rolph Pfundt Tuula Rinne Nicole de Leeuw Brigitte Faas Thatjana Gardeitchik Suzanne C. E. H. Sallevelt Aimee Paulussen Servi J. C. Stevens Esther Sikkel Mariet W. Elting Merel C. van Maarle Karin E. M. Diderich Nicole Corsten-Janssen Klaske D. Lichtenbelt Guus Lachmeijer Lisenka E. L. M. Vissers Helger G. Yntema Marcel Nelen Ilse Feenstra Wendy A. G. van Zelst-Stams 《黑龙江环境通报》2020,40(8):972-983
Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore the diagnostic yield and clinical utility of trio-based rapid whole exome sequencing (rWES) in pregnancies of fetuses with a wide range of congenital anomalies detected by ultrasound imaging.Methods
In this observational study, we analyzed the first 54 cases referred to our laboratory for prenatal rWES to support clinical decision making, after the sonographic detection of fetal congenital anomalies. The most common identified congenital anomalies were skeletal dysplasia (n = 20), multiple major fetal congenital anomalies (n = 17) and intracerebral structural anomalies (n = 7).Results
A conclusive diagnosis was identified in 18 of the 54 cases (33%). Pathogenic variants were detected most often in fetuses with skeletal dysplasia (n = 11) followed by fetuses with multiple major fetal congenital anomalies (n = 4) and intracerebral structural anomalies (n = 3). A survey, completed by the physicians for 37 of 54 cases, indicated that the rWES results impacted clinical decision making in 68% of cases.Conclusions
These results suggest that rWES improves prenatal diagnosis of fetuses with congenital anomalies, and has an important impact on prenatal and peripartum parental and clinical decision making. 相似文献39.
State and federal governments in Australia have implemented a range of assistance programs for manufacturing industries to become more resource efficient and reduce waste. While many of these programs focus on Cleaner Production at single sites, an increasing number of assistance programs are offered across supply chains. Sustainability Victoria, a Victorian government authority, supports projects that focus on resource efficiencies across supply chains in key industry sectors.In this study, tools were adapted and utilised to identify efficiency potentials and losses across supply chains in the timber furniture manufacturing and the food industry sector. In this respect, waste generation and value loss due to inefficient use of critical materials within the processes were estimated from purchase and waste handling data. Primary companies were chosen to undertake efficiency trials that could demonstrate value gain across the supply chain.This study describes the realisation of greater efficiencies in material usage when engaging proactively with supply chain partners immediately adjacent to the primary company. Demonstration trials confirmed that through a more integrated approach among supply chain partners the potential in using materials more efficiently and design processes can lead to enhanced productivity without compromising environmental burden. Hence, the study describes targeted resource efficiency, recycling and process optimisation opportunities as identified in the supply chain trials on timber furniture manufacturing and food industries. 相似文献
40.
Zhi C. Lin John M. Ondov W. Robert Kelly Paul J. Paulsen Robert K. Stevens 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):1057-1062
Stable isotopic tracers were used in Roanoke, Virginia, to tag particulate emissions from diesel trucks and residential oil furnaces, two sources of soot and PAHs which cannot be differentiated on the basis of known constituents. Approximately 1.6 g of enriched 149Sm were used to tag 264 m3 of diesel fuel burned by the city bus and truck fleets; 0.39 g of 150Sm were used to tag 106 m3 of residential heating oil. Picogram amounts of the tracers were determined simultaneously by thermal-ionization mass spectrometry in fine particles collected within the city at signal-to-noise ratios as large as 6000. These results demonstrate the feasibility of tracing particles from multiple combustion sources with stable, separated isotopes. 相似文献