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采用固相萃取法处理水样,气相色谱-高分辨双聚焦磁质谱法测定水中超痕量多氯萘,同位素内标法定量,并对样品前处理条件和仪器条件进行优化。试验表明:方法在0.500 ng/L~500 ng/L范围内线性良好;当取样体积为1 L时,方法检出限为0.005 ng/L~0.01 ng/L;对实际水样进行2个质量浓度水平的加标回收试验,平行测定6次的 RSD为2.7%~8.7%,回收率为70.2%~110%。方法适用性试验表明,水样中复杂的基质对测定无影响。 相似文献
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Qiang Huang Jianzhong Song Ying Zhong Ping’an Peng Weilin Huang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(1):247-256
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have variously been phased out in agricultural activities, but they are still widely detected in air, water, and soil systems due to their recalcitrant nature in the environment. The purposes of this study were to assess potential OCP pollution via dry and wet deposition over the fast developing Pearl River Delta area with 41,700 km2, where the main effort has been focused on emerging pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons and PM2.5. We quantified both the dry and wet deposition fluxes of 19 OCPs including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), endosulfans (Endos), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). The results showed that each year about 67.4, 42.0, 15.0, and 8.07 kg of total OCPs, DDTs, Endos, and HCHs were returned to the ground, among which 11.7, 10.4, 0.84, and 0.16 kg were in the dry deposition forms. The large spatial variations in OCP deposition fluxes indicated that OCP pollution in the air is mainly influenced on local scales because evaporation from local soil is likely the major source of the phased out OCPs. Source analysis indicated that DDTs may be still in use as antifouling agent and/or dicofol, but Endos and HCHs were mainly derived from the residual of historical usage. The study suggests that the historical OCP pollutants are persistent at high levels in this area and should not be overlooked, while we tackle emerging pollutants. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Flash flooding is the rapid flooding of low lying areas caused by the stormwater of intense rainfall associated with thunderstorms. Flash flooding occurs in many urban areas with relatively flat terrain and can result in severe property damage as well as the loss of lives. In this paper, an integrated one‐dimensional (1‐D) and two‐dimensional (2‐D) hydraulic simulation model has been established to simulate stormwater flooding processes in urban areas. With rainfall input, the model simulates 2‐D overland flow and 1‐D flow in underground stormwater pipes and drainage channels. Drainage channels are treated as special flow paths and arranged along one or more sides of a 2‐D computational grid. By using irregular computation grids, the model simulates unsteady flooding and drying processes over urban areas with complex drainage systems. The model results can provide spatial flood risk information (e.g., water depth, inundation time and flow velocity during flooding). The model was applied to the City of Beaumont, Texas, and validated with the recorded rainfall and runoff data from Tropical Storm Allison with good agreement. 相似文献
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陕西大暴雨时空分布特征及减灾对策 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
通过对陕西1957~1998年共42年97个测站的逐日降水量中大暴雨资料进行时间和空间尺度分析,总结归纳出陕西灾害性大暴雨的天气气候基本特征和规律性,并提出相应的减灾对策。 相似文献
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