分点进水高效除磷脱氮工艺工程应用研究

分点进水脱氮除磷新工艺以统一动力学理论、动力学负荷理论、污泥浓度优化理论、同步硝化反硝化理论、种群增殖速度的密度控制理论、种群增殖速度的营养工况控制理论等作为主要理论基础,具有脱碳、脱氮、除磷效率高,总停留时间短,运行费用较低的显著优点,在罗庄区污水深度处理工程改追中得到了成功应用,出水水质达到GB18918-2002<城镇污水处理厂排放标准>一级(A)标准.     

絮凝-SBR-Fenton氧化处理酶制剂废水的研究

以某酶制品厂的废水为研究对象,确定了絮凝-SBR-Fenton高级氧化的试验方法.结果表明,在絮凝阶段,当聚合氯化铝(PAC)投加量为0.6g/L,搅拌6 min,絮凝70min的条件下,预处理的出水CODCr效果最好,去除率为44.6%;再经过SBR工艺处理,停留时间为14 h时,CODCr去除率达到了89.2%;之后再进行Fenton高级氧化,氧化的最佳条件是:ρ(FeSO4·7H2O)为3 g/L,ρ(H2O2)为0.8g/L,反应时间2 h.最终出水达到了GB 8978-1996<污水综合排放标准>中二级排放标准.     

钢铁企业固体废弃物资源化利用浅析

固体废物做到资源化即通过综合利用,使有利用价值的固体废物变废为宝,实现资源的再循环利用,是固体废物污染控制一直努力方向。钢铁联合企业生产过程中产生的固体废弃物量大、面广,如对其进行资源化利用不仅可获得好的效益,同时也解决了环保难题。通过借鉴国内外钢铁企业固体废弃物资源化利用成功技术,使我们在开展环境影响评价工作中对钢铁企业固废的资源化利用提出一些切实可行的控制措施。     

高温状态下受热时间对膨润土物性指标的影响∗

高温状态下膨润土的物性指标变化是高放核废物深地质处置库设计的重要参数之一。通过高温状态下不同受热时间MX80钠基膨润土的比重、液塑限、自由膨胀率试验,研究了受热时间对膨润土基本物性指标的影响规律;并通过热重分析(TGA)、X衍射(XDR)、电镜扫描(SEM)试验,从微观角度对上述变化规律进行了合理解释。研究结果表明:随着受热时间的增加,膨润土的比重、液塑限、自由膨胀率在受热15～30天内急剧下降,降幅分别为2.5%、3.1%和28.3%,之后各值变化量很小;高温状态下,膨润土的矿物成分转化、结合水脱附、微观形貌改变是膨润土物性指标发生变化的根本原因,三者之间相互作用和彼此影响。     

Arsenic removal from groundwater by acclimated sludge under autohydrogenotrophic conditions

Arsenic in the environment is attracting increasing attention due to its chronic health effects. Although arsenite(As(III)) is generally more mobile and more toxic than arsenate(As(V)), reducing As(V) to As(III) may still be a means for decontamination, because As(III) can be removed from solution by precipitation with sulfide or by adsorption or complexation with other metal sulfides. The performance of As(V) bio-reduction under autohydrogenotrophic conditions was investigated with batch experiments. The results showed that As(V) reduction was a biochemical process while both acclimated sludge and hydrogen were essential. Most of the reduced arsenic remained in a soluble form, although 20% was removed with no addition of sulfate, while 82% was removed when sulfate was reduced to sulfide. The results demonstrated that the reduced arsenic was re-sequestered in the precipitates, probably as arsenic sulfides. Kinetic analysis showed that pseudo first-order kinetics described the bio-reduction process better than pseudo second-order. In particular, the influences of pH and temperature on As(V) reduction by acclimated sludge under autohydrogenotrophic conditions and total soluble As removal were examined. The reduction process was highly sensitive to both pH and temperature, with the optimum ranges of pH 6.5–7.0 and 30–40°C respectively. Furthermore, Arrhenius modeling results for the temperature effect indicated that the As(V) reduction trend was systematic. Total soluble As removal was consistent with the trend of As(V) reduction.     

Community structure and elevational diversity patterns of soil Acidobacteria

Acidobacteria is one of the most dominant and abundant phyla in soil,and was believed to have a wide range of metabolic and genetic functions. Relatively little is known about its community structure and elevational diversity patterns. We selected four elevation gradients from 1000 to 2800 m with typical vegetation types of the northern slope of Shennongjia Mountain in central China. The vegetation types were evergreen broadleaved forest,deciduous broadleaved forest,coniferous forest and sub-alpine shrubs. We analyzed the soil acidobacterial community composition,elevational patterns and the relationship between Acidobacteria subdivisions and soil enzyme activities by using the 16 S rRNA meta-sequencing technique and multivariate statistical analysis. The result found that 19 known subdivisions as well as an unclassified phylotype were presented in these forest sites,and Subdivision 6 has the highest number of detectable operational taxonomic units(OTUs). A significant single peak distribution pattern(P 0.05) between the OTU number and the elevation was observed. The Jaccard and Bray–Curtis index analysis showed that the soil Acidobacteria compositional similarity significantly decreased(P 0.01) with the increase in elevation distance. Mantel test analysis showed the most of the soil Acidobacteria subdivisions had the significant relationship(P 0.01) with different soil enzymes. Therefore,soil Acidobacteria may be involved in different ecosystem functions in global elemental cycles. Partial Mantel tests and CCA analysis showed that soil pH,soil temperature and plant diversity may be the key factors in shaping the soil Acidobacterial community structure.     

浅析大沽河流域水质状况及变化趋势

大沽河流域监测数据显示:2012年,大沽河干流水质良好,功能区达标率为100%,多数断面综合污染指数呈丰水期枯水期平水期。大沽河主要支流水质总体为轻度污染,主要污染指标为五日生化需氧量、化学需氧量、氟化物,功能区达标率为68.8%,从污染较重河流(桃源河、云溪河、洙河下游)不同水期综合污染指数来看,桃源河和洙河下游呈丰水期﹥平水期﹥枯水期;云溪河由于贯穿胶州城区,受农业面源、降水因素影响较小,呈枯水期﹥丰水期﹥平水期。2006—2012年,大沽河干流水质基本保持稳定,主要支流水质呈改善趋势。     

生活垃圾填埋场项目竣工环保验收应注意的问题

生活垃圾填埋场建设项目竣工环境保护验收制度是环境保护工作的重要制度。垃圾填埋场项目竣工环境保护验收情况是环保部门对改项目运行后进行环境管理的主要依据。根据垃圾填埋场项目竣工环境保护验收规范要求和实际工作经验,总结出竣工项目环境保护验收中需要注意的问题,并就问题的原因分析提出注意要点。     

节能降耗技术在污水处理中的应用

通过对污水泵进行变频调速改造及污水处理工艺优化,实现了污水处理的降耗节能。     

光学气体成像技术在泄漏检测与维修中的应用研究

通过介绍光学气体成像技术的原理、泄漏检测与维修关键技术、甲烷气体泄漏检测与识别实验情况,讨论了该技术在石化生产过程中的应用发展趋势。