长江经济带城市黑臭水体空间分布格局及影响因子

满足人民群众对优美生态环境的需要是建设美丽中国的核心要务,而城市黑臭水体是危害城市居民生产生活和身心健康的重要污染源。该研究以长江经济带城市黑臭水体为研究对象,综合运用GIS技术与地理探测器方法,识别其空间特征及分布规律,探究不同因子对黑臭水体空间格局的影响差异并提出整治建议。研究表明:(1)长江经济带城市黑臭水体空间分布呈凝聚型分布,且空间分异较为明显。核密度表现为多单核中心独立、次级中心带状及零星分布特征。(2)黑臭水体重心位置处在湖北和湖南省中部城市区域,其系统具有明显无标度区,分形特征显著,空间结构复杂性强。(3)不同类型黑臭水体均属正值空间相关性,呈"上游冷、中下游热"的冷热点区差异格局。(4)空间结构的地理探测影响因素在全域范围内贡献力不明显,分区影响因子匹配凸出。工业废水排放量、居民生活用水量、排水管道长度等是显著影响因素。建议应从严守生态规矩、建立黑臭水体治理体制机制、完善识别评定技术标准体系、创新实践整治、丰富理论研究等方面推进城市黑臭水体治理和消除。     

环境污染事故应急监测装备的配置思路

分析了应急监测装备的配置形势,提出了应急监测装备的配置思想和配置原则,剖析了配置的关键点在于实现快速响应功能,准确、快速监测数据获取功能,快速解析、准确判断污染趋势功能,图像和声讯实时双向传输功能,以及安全保障和防护功能.     

中常温变化对PN-ANAMMOX联合工艺脱氮效果的影响

通过接种成熟的亚硝化膜和厌氧氨氧化污泥,研究了中常温变化对PN-ANAMMOX联合工艺脱氮速率的影响及微生物群落的变化.结果表明,常温下能够实现PN-ANAMMOX联合脱氮,并且脱氮速率达到0.5 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1).但是PN过程亚硝化速率下降,ANAMMOX菌活性未得到充分发挥,导致PN-ANAMMOX联合工艺脱氮速率远低于中温条件下的1.75kg·(m~3·d)~(-1),出水水质较差.温度的上升易导致NOB的快速生长,PN过程失稳,但是通过增加回流量可对NOB的活性进行有效地控制.QPCR分析结果进一步表明接种中温环境下的AOB和ANAMMOX微生物在常温条件下不利于生长,出现部分死亡;当恢复到中温的环境时,相应的功能微生物出现了快速地生长.因此,在PN-ANAMMOX联合工艺的运行过程中应尽可能地满足功能微生物适宜的温度.     

Bioavailability of bound residue derived from 14C-labeled chlorsulfuron in soil and its mechanism of phytotoxicity

The bioavailability of bound residue(BR) derived from ^14C-labeled chlorsulfuron in soil and effect of the main components of the BR on growth of rape( brassica napus) and rice( Oryza sativa L. ) were investigated. The results showed that the BR with the concentration of 0.28 and 0.56 nmol/g air-dried soil, which was calculated by special radioactivity of ^14C-labeled chlorsulfuron parent compound, resulted in significant depression effect on growth of rape seedling. It was assured that the main components(2-amino-4-methoxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-amino-4-hydroxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, and 2-chloro-benzenesul-fonamide) of the BR did not inhibit the growth of rape and rice. LC-MS analysis demonstrated that the parent compound previously bound to the soil matrix could be again released and transformed into methanol-extractable residue during the course of rape growth. It was concluded that the molecular leading to the phytotoxicity to rape and rice in the BR is still the parent compound.     

氚水在模拟水稻田中的消长动力学(续)

对进入水稻田中的氚水在连作晚稻阶段的迁移，输运动态过程的研究表明，滞留于早稻田中的氚水继续为晚稻摄取；与早稻情况一样，氚水中的氚仍以自由水氚和结合氚形式滞留在晚稻田各分室中，晚稻田水中和土肿的氚浓度均随时间单调地减少；晚稻地上部及根中的自由水氚及结合态氚浓度在采样期间也基本上随时间降低。     

g 辐照预处理促进剩余污泥发酵产氢的研究

为降低能耗,提高辐照技术的经济性,探讨了在0~9.5kGy范围内,γ辐照剂量对生活污水处理厂二沉池剩余污泥中耗氢菌的抑制效果和对发酵产氢的影响,建立了描述发酵产氢过程及辐照影响的动力学模型.结果表明,γ辐照剂量从0增加至9.5kGy时,污泥溶解率从0增加至4%,上清液中可检测出一定的蛋白质和多糖等物质,其中蛋白质中的氮素占溶出总氮素的90%,表明较低剂量辐照即对污泥菌体造成较明显的破解,这可在一定程度上抑制无法形成芽孢的耗氢菌活性;与之相对应的是污泥发酵产氢能力的明显提升,以葡萄糖为底物(1.0g/L),在35℃和初始pH值为7.0时,当辐射剂量仅为0.5kGy时,累积产氢量即比未辐照时有70%的提升,进一步增加辐照剂量至5kGy,累计产氢量和产氢得率均继续增长且达到最大值,分别为240mL/g葡萄糖和1.93mLH2/mol葡萄糖(发酵液的污泥量达2.0g VSS/L);此后,污泥发酵产氢能力随辐射剂量的增加而降低.修正的Logistic模型能很好地描述本研究中累积产氢量随时间的变化规律,而修正的Han-Levenspiel模型能很好地描述辐照剂量对平均产氢速率的影响.     

重庆缙云山四川大头茶常绿阔叶林重金属元素的累积与生物循环

四川大头茶,常绿阔叶林,重金属,循环,净化     

成都西南城郊黑碳和PM2.5 浓度变化特征及其影响因子

四川盆地是我国灰霾和大气污染易发和频发区之一,目前关于本地区黑碳气溶胶（black carbon,BC）的相关研究较少。利用2017年11月—2018年12月成都西南城郊地区黑碳气溶胶以及PM_2.5观测资料,结合气象资料和其他污染物浓度资料,分析BC和PM_2.5浓度,BC浓度在PM_2.5浓度中所占比例（黑碳占比）的季节、月、日变化特征及其影响因子。结果表明：（1）BC逐小时浓度范围为0.18—40.51 μg?m^?3,平均值为(5.26±4.68) μg?m^?3,本底浓度为3.34 μg?m^?3。PM_2.5逐小时浓度范围为1.00—344.50 μg?m^?3,平均值为(60.02±46.91) μg?m^?3,本底浓度为33.38 μg?m^?3。日变化均呈“白天低,早晨、夜间高”的变化特征,其中冬季浓度最高,春、秋季次之,夏季浓度最低。（2）黑碳占比均值为9.16%±5.13%,白天黑碳占比低,夜间黑碳占比高,且夏季最高,冬季最低。随着空气污染加重,冬季占比缓慢增加,其他三季占比减小。（3）BC与NO₂和CO相关性较好,表明西南城郊BC排放主要受机动车尾气、生物质燃烧影响。BC和SO₂相关系数偏小,燃煤等工业源排放对西南城郊BC的贡献较小。（4）风速、温度和湿度与BC浓度均有很好的相关性,其中风速对BC浓度的影响最大,当风速小于2.0 m?s^?1时,BC浓度值明显偏高;BC浓度大于20.00 μg?m^?3的高值区主要集中在西北、西南以及东北风向上,即：偏东北方向市中心大气中的污染物,以及西南方向远郊地区的污染物可能对西南城郊高浓度黑碳的贡献更大。     

Effects of productivity on biodiversity in forest ecosystems across the United States and China

In the global campaign against biodiversity loss in forest ecosystems, land managers need to know the status of forest biodiversity, but practical guidelines for conserving biodiversity in forest management are lacking. A major obstacle is the incomplete understanding of the relationship between site primary productivity and plant diversity, due to insufficient ecosystem‐wide data, especially for taxonomically and structurally diverse forest ecosystems. We investigated the effects of site productivity (the site's inherent capacity to grow timber) on tree species richness across 19 types of forest ecosystems in North America and China through 3 ground‐sourced forest inventory data sets (U.S. Forest Inventory and Analysis, Cooperative Alaska Forest Inventory, and Chinese Forest Management Planning Inventory). All forest types conformed to a consistent and highly significant (P < 0.001) hump‐shaped unimodal relationship, of which the generalized coefficients of determination averaged 20.5% over all the forest types. That is, tree species richness first increased as productivity increased at a progressively slower rate, and, after reaching a maximum, richness started to decline. Our consistent findings suggest that forests of high productivity would sustain few species because they consist mostly of flat homogeneous areas lacking an environmental gradient along which a diversity of species with different habitats can coexist. The consistency of the productivity–biodiversity relationship among the 3 data sets we examined makes it possible to quantify the expected tree species richness that a forest stand is capable of sustaining, and a comparison between the actual species richness and the sustainable values can be useful in prioritizing conservation efforts.     

Synthesis of efficient Y-Bi2WO6/G visible light photocatalysts with high stability for pollutant degradation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - For effective photocatalytic pollutant degradation on bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6), it is vital to enhance the photogenerated charge separation and the...