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151.
为完善安全物质学的理论体系,指导并促进安全物质学研究与应用的开展,提出安全物质学方法论定义,论述其学科基础和理论基础。提出安全物质学研究三阶段:物质安全现象-物质安全规律-物质安全科学,并阐述其一般研究方法。归纳安全物质学方法论特征,建立安全物质学方法论六维结构体系,分别解析各维度内涵。基于此,以“事前-事中-事后”为主线厘清安全物质学研究的实践程序,并提炼具体实践方法。研究结果系统化了安全物质学研究的层次思路,可为安全物质学的研究和应用提供理论指导。 相似文献
152.
Simon McCarthy Sylvia Tunstall Dennis Parker Hazel Faulkner Joe Howe 《Environmental Hazards》2013,12(3):179-192
Risk communication in flood incident management can be improved through developing hydrometeorological and engineering models used as tools for communicating risk between scientists and emergency management professionals. A range of such models and tools was evaluated by participating flood emergency managers during a 4-day, real-time simulation of an extreme event in the Thamesmead area in the Thames estuary close to London, England. Emergency managers have different communication needs and value new tools differently, but the indications are that a range of new tools could be beneficial in flood incident management. Provided they are communicated large model uncertainties are not necessarily unwelcome among flood emergency managers. Even so they are cautious about sharing the ownership of weather and flood modelling uncertainties. 相似文献
153.
154.
Both the effects of earthworms on soils and the effects of soil conditions on earthworms have been studied with the help of experiments and modelling. This paper provides a model architecture allowing coupling both effects to a dynamic interaction in changing environmental conditions. We chose for a spatio-temporally explicit model and focussed on wetland conditions. Soil temperature and humidity have been modelled by means of finite volumes and were used to determine the spatial habitat suitability. The life cycles of earthworms have been modelled by Leslie matrices where soil humidity, soil temperature and population densities have been used to parametrize survival and transition probabilities. Earthworm dispersion has been described by a cellular automaton of the domain providing spatial population densities for both the life cycle submodel and the soil conditions submodel. 相似文献
155.
长江沿线城市水源氯(胺)化消毒副产物生成潜能研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以长江上游重庆、中游武汉、下游上海等大城市的长江饮用水源为研究对象,在对溶解性有机物分子量和亲疏水性分离的基础上,分别采用氯和氯胺两种方式消毒,对比分析了相同时期沿江这些城市原水中氯(胺)化常规和新兴含氮消毒副产物生成潜能的分子组成规律.研究表明,重庆、武汉、上海三地的溶解性有机物均以小分子前体物为主,主要分布在<1kDa的区间内,且以强疏水性成分和亲水性成分为主,原水经氯(胺)化可产生三卤甲烷、卤乙酸、卤乙腈、三氯硝基甲烷等类型的消毒副产物;三地的氯(胺)化主要的含碳消毒副产物(C-DBPs)和含氮消毒副产物(N-DBPs)生成潜能均在<1kDa的区间内最大,从上游到下游,在<1kDa的区间内的生成潜能占各自总潜能比例逐渐增加.三地的氯(胺)化的C-DBPs和N-DBPs生成潜能均以强疏水性组分或亲水性组分为主,且氯胺化可导致亲水性组分C-DBPs和N-DBPs生成潜能所占总量比例增加. 相似文献
156.
Yuanyuan Luo Yangyang Zhang Mengfan Lang Xuetao Guo Tianjiao Xia Tiecheng Wang Hanzhong Jia Lingyan Zhu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(5):96
157.
Chaochung Tsai Sylvia Yang Alan C. Trimble Jennifer L. Ruesink 《Marine Biology》2010,157(9):1929-1936
Dwarf eelgrass (duckgrass; Zostera japonica) and Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) are two introduced species that co-occur on intertidal flats of the northeast Pacific. Through factorial manipulation of
clam (0, 62.5, 125 clams m−2) and eelgrass density (present, removed by hand, harrowed), we examined intra- and interspecific effects on performance,
as well as modification of the physical environment. The presence of eelgrass reduced water flow by up to 40% and was also
observed to retain water at low tide, which may ameliorate desiccation and explain why eelgrass grew faster in the presence
of conspecifics (positive feedback). Although shell growth of small (20–50 mm) clams was not consistently affected by either
treatment in this 2-month experiment, clam condition improved when eelgrass was removed. Reciprocally, clams at aquaculture
densities had no effect on eelgrass growth, clam growth and condition, or porewater nutrients. Overall, only Z. japonica demonstrated strong population-level interactions. Interspecific results support an emerging paradigm that invasive marine
ecosystem engineers often negatively affect infauna. Positive feedbacks for Z. japonica may characterize its intraspecific effects particularly at the stressful intertidal elevation of this study (+1 m above mean
lower low water). 相似文献
158.
Sylvia M. Tunstall Susan M. Tapsell Sally Eden 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1999,42(4):527-545
This paper considers the stability of public responses to an urban river restoration scheme on the River Skerne, Darlington, UK, by comparing the results from surveys of local residents carried out before and after scheme implementation. This case study provides evidence of strong and generally consistent positive responses to the proposals and implemented scheme to return the straightened and channelized river to a more natural condition although support was more qualified after than before implementation. Although the scheme design and construction costs were high, nearly two-thirds regarded the scheme as value for money. Exploratory contingent valuation results on whether or not local residents were prepared to pay for the scheme were broadly stable over the two surveys. 相似文献
159.
160.
二级Fenton氧化高浓度有机硅废水研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用二级Fenton氧化技术对可生化性差的高浓度有机硅废水进行处理,考察了不同因素对COD去除率的影响,对比了一级氧化和二级氧化的效果。结果表明对于COD为9 600 mg/L的高浓度有机硅废水,pH为3,[H2O2]/[Fe2+]=2∶1为最佳的反应条件,COD去除率随着H2O2的投加量的增大先增大而后减小,每200 mL水样中先投加20%的硫酸亚铁12 mL,然后分2次投加30%的H2O2各4 mL,氧化完成后调整pH值为7~8静止沉淀,COD去除率达89.2%。对于某绝缘电器厂的生产废水经二级Fenton氧化处理后,出水有机物浓度显著降低,可生化性提高,Fenton二级氧化可以作为高浓度有机硅废水的预处理工艺。 相似文献