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941.
M. Humayoun Akhtar Khaled Abo ElSooud Atef M. Shehata Anwar ‐ul‐Haq 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):1061-1084
Abstract Studies were conducted to determine the metabolic fate of chloramphenicol (CAP) in White Leghorn using the l4C‐labelled compound. In one experiment birds were administered orally via intra‐crop, a single dose of 100 mg (equivalent to 66 mg kg‐1 body weight) of CAP containing 14 μCi 14C‐CAP, and its absorption, elimination and distribution in plasma were recorded. Orally dosed 14C‐compound was rapidly absorbed, efficiently distributed in plasma and eliminated in excreta (>70% in 5 hr). After 5 h, CAP equivalent residues in tissues were lower than 15 μg g‐1 for this treatment. In a second experiment birds were given intra‐crop dose of either 0.5 or 5 mg of CAP (each dose contained 2.5 μCi 14C‐CAP) daily for five consecutive days followed by a seven day withdrawal period and elimination of 14C in excreta and eggs was monitored. More than 95% of the administered 14C was eliminated within the first 24 h after dosing. Radiocarbon (14C) was deposited preferentially in yolks compared to albumen or other tissues. Residues declined when feeding was stopped. Various metabolites were isolated and identified by a combination of TLC, LC, and LC‐MS. The main metabolic route of CAP in laying hens appears to be the glucuronidation. Cleavage of the dichloroacetate moiety was only a minor route. 相似文献
942.
D. Marchal‐Ségault G. Laugé 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):411-428
Abstract Two types of reactions were observed on the alteration of Drosophila vitellogenesis by the four fungicides used in this study. Dithane®M45 resulted in stimulation associated with egg retention. However, the other three fungicides (Benlate®, Bouillie bordelaise® and Euparène®) resulted in inhibition to a varying degree. Although the inhibition was comparatively limited due to Benlate® it induced an egg retention. The inhibition was very high due to Bouillie bordelaise® and Euparène®. With Bouillie bordelaise® an egg retention occured together with the reduction of vitellogenesis and caused an increase in the rate of the follicle resorption. The latter depended on the duration of treatment. With Euparène®, no egg retention was observed and the toxicity was only noticed on vitellogenesis. 相似文献
943.
Cheng‐Shin Jang Chen‐Wuing Liu Shih‐Kai Chen Wen‐Sheng Lin 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2012,48(1):61-73
Jang, Cheng‐Shin, Chen‐Wuing Liu, Shih‐Kai Chen, and Wen‐Sheng Lin, 2011. Using a Mass Balance Model to Evaluate Groundwater Budget of Seawater‐Intruded Island Aquifers. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(1): 61‐73. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00593.x Abstract: The study developed a mass balance model to evaluate the groundwater budget of seawater‐intruded island aquifers using limited available data. The Penghu islands were selected as a study area. As sparse observed data were available in the islands, methods of combining water and chloride balances were used to determine the amounts of groundwater pumping, seawater intrusion, aquifer storages, and safe yields in the shallow and deep aquifers. The groundwater budget shows that seawater intrusion to freshwater aquifers was 1.38 × 106 and 0.29 × 106 m3/year in the shallow and deep aquifers, respectively, indicating that the seawater intrusion is severe in the both aquifers. The safe yield of the shallow aquifer was 14.56 × 106 m3/year in 2005 which was four times higher than that of the deep aquifer (3.70 × 106 m3/year). However, the annual pumping amounts in the shallow and deep aquifers were 4.77 × 106 and 3.63 × 106 m3/year, respectively. Although the safe yield of the shallow aquifer is enough for all water resources demands, only 55% of exploitation amount was extracted from the shallow aquifer due to its poor water quality. Groundwater exploitation in the deep aquifer should be significantly reduced and regulated by a dynamic management of pumping scheme because the annual pumping amounts are close to the safe yield and seawater intrusion occurs continually. Additionally, to alleviate further aquifer salination, at least half of the current annual groundwater abstraction should be reduced. 相似文献
944.
Frances M. McKee‐Ryan Meghna Virick Gregory E. Prussia Jaron Harvey Juliana D. Lilly 《组织行为杂志》2009,30(4):561-580
The competitive environment of business today makes corporate layoffs an organizational reality, and losing one's job can be a highly stressful experience. We propose and test a model that places objective underemployment and subjective underemployment in a causal sequence between organizational actions and employees' restoration of equilibrium by obtaining jobs worth keeping. We longitudinally examine relationships between layoff fairness, workers' stress symptoms and appraisal, and subsequent employment outcomes among 149 laid‐off technical employees over the course of one year. Structural equation model results support seven of nine hypothesized paths, and demonstrate discriminant validity between and mediational properties of objective and subjective underemployment. Findings also reveal the important role that employees' perceptions and subjective assessments play in successfully returning to pre‐job loss equilibrium following displacement. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
945.
Livestock production in both industrial systems, where livestock are packed tightly together, and in highly traditional systems,
where a shepherd follows her herd in dispersed rangelands, are cited as key contributors in some of the most acute environmental
problems around the globe. Israel is one of the few countries where both of these systems exist, with surprisingly little
contact between them. The environmental impact of the sectors were examined along with Israel’s public policies in the field.
While historically, much attention has been placed on the contribution of the Bedouin pastoralists to desertification and
erosion, this may be linked to historic misapprehension about actual impacts of goats on local rangelands as well as political
motivations and concerns about losing national sovereignty over large areas of rangelands. The true environmental effects
appear to be minor. A far more critical concern is water pollution caused by the industrial sector of livestock production—an
issue that recently has attracted considerable government attention and investment in a successful dairy infrastructure initiative.
The divisions between governmental supports for the Jewish and Arab sectors of livestock management are inconsistent with
efficient environmental management. Policies should be designed to encourage Bedouin to find ways to sustainably continue
their traditional livestock husbandry practises, which today are largely associated with ecological benefits and constitute
a unique cultural asset for Israel and the world. 相似文献