High spatial and seasonal heterogeneity of pCO2 and CO2 emissions in a karst groundwater-stream continuum,southern China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Accurate quantification of the emission of CO2 from streams and rivers is one of the primary challenges in determining the global carbon budget...     

Biotoxicity and bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds solubilized in nonionic surfactant micelle phase and cloud point system

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A recent work has shown that hydrophobic organic compounds solubilized in the micelle phase of some nonionic surfactants present substrate toxicity to...     

乌鲁木齐市水泥行业污染现状分析

根据乌鲁木齐市水泥行业的验收监测结果，对其污染现状进行了分析。     

Dangerous levels of climate change for agricultural production in China

There are increasing attempts to define the measures of ‘dangerous anthropogenic inference with the climate system’ in context of Article 2 of the Framework Convention on Climate Change, due to its linkage to goals for stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations. The criteria for identifying dangerous anthropogenic interference may be characterized in terms of the consequences of climate change. In this study, we use the water stress index (WSI) and agricultural net primary production (NPP) as indictors to assess where and when there might be dangerous effects arising from the projected climate changes for Chinese agricultural production. The results showed that based on HadCM3-based climate change scenarios, the region between the North China Plain and Northeast China Plain (34.25–47.75°N, 110.25–126.25°E) would be vulnerable to the projected climate change. The analyses on inter-annual variability showed that the agricultural water resources conditions would fluctuate through the period of 2001–2080 in the region under IPCC SRES A2 scenario, with the period of 2021–2040 as critical drought period. Agricultural NPP is projected to have a general increasing trend through the period of 2001–2080; however, it could decrease during the period of 2005–2035 in the region under the IPCC SRES A2 scenario, and during the period of 2025–2035 under IPCC SRES B2 scenario. Generally, while projected climate change could bring some potentially improved conditions for Chinese agriculture, it could also bring some critical adverse changes in water resources, which would affect the overall outcome. At this stage, while we have identified certain risks and established the general shape of the damage curve expressed as a function of global mean temperature increase, more works are needed to identify specific changes which could be dangerous for food security in China. Therefore, there is a need for the development of more integrated assessment models, which include social-economic, agricultural production and food trade modules, to help identify thresholds for impacts in further studies.     

The continued operation of businesses after an earthquake: a case study from Lushan County,China

This study performed a comparative analysis of changes in the operating status of initial surviving disaster‐stricken businesses and non‐disaster‐stricken businesses in Lushan County, China, after a devastating earthquake on 20 April 2013. It used a logistic regression model to explore the key factors associated with ‘post‐disaster continued business operation’ in the long term. Field data were collected from 1,078 businesses and questionnaire data from 263 small businesses between 2013 and 2017. The results indicate that a higher proportion of initial surviving disaster‐stricken businesses than non‐disaster‐stricken businesses managed to remain operational in each observation period. The continued operation of disaster‐stricken businesses after the earthquake was positively associated with the owner's age, previous disaster experience, pre‐disaster financial conditions, closure duration, and borrowing money from family or friends. A negative association was found with the size of the business. The findings serve as a vital reference for strategies to promote post‐disaster continued business operation.     

杭州市河道底泥重金属污染评价与环保疏浚深度研究

重金属是河道底泥疏浚要控制的重要污染物,而疏浚深度是生态疏浚工程中需要确定的关键参数.本文以杭州经济技术开发区河道为研究对象,共采集18处底泥柱状样,采用土壤背景值、土壤环境质量二级标准值、变异系数和相关性分析方法对底泥中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni、As的污染状况进行了评价,同时分析重金属总量和有效态含量在垂向上的变化特征,并引入地累积指数法对各深度底泥中的重金属进行累积性评估,利用本文提出的临界累积深度方法来确定合理的环保疏浚深度.结果表明,河道表层底泥中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni、As的平均含量分别为165.16、342.40、55.34、3.61、34.06、36.70 mg·kg-1,Cd、Cu、As、Zn的有效态含量分别为0.007、3.37、0.095、20.76 mg·kg-1,重金属总量均超过了杭嘉湖平原土壤背景值,其中Cd污染最为严重.各重金属元素在底泥中的变异系数为0.29~2.39,空间分布并不均匀.重金属总量和有效态含量随底泥深度的增大整体呈下降趋势,但受不同时期人类活动污染及河道整治影响而呈不规则变化.各重金属元素的富集程度为CdAsZnPbNiCu,其中,Cd污染等级为2~6级,污染程度为中度污染至极强污染.利用临界累积深度方法推算得到研究区域河道底泥环保疏浚深度为0~0.9 m.     

1961—2010年新疆生长季节指数时空变化特征及其农业响应

在定义生长季节长度(GSL)、生长季节开始时间(LSF)以及生长季节结束时间(FFF)三个生长季节指数的基础上,采用模糊聚类、稳健回归及Mann-Kendall非参数检验等方法分析新疆1961—2010年生长季节指数时空变化特征,并针对作物生长季节指数变化对区域农业生产的影响进行了深入探讨。结果表明:新疆20世纪90年代中期,GSL变化幅度很大,低纬地区生长季节受低温影响较小,而随纬度上升,中高纬地区生长季节受低温影响越大。生长季节长度的变化与秋季低温(生长季节结束时间)变化情况紧密相连,全疆生长季节长度在80%的保证率下,较多年平均生长季节长度缩短5~14 d。生长季节长度的延长,会导致净初级生产力以及年蒸散发总量上升,继而影响水文、生态系统以及生物地球化学过程。     

多方法检测的变电设备状态监测装置校验技术

针对目前变电设备状态监测装置入网检测缺乏检测手段和标准体系,导致状态监测数据缺乏可靠性和有效性问题,对变电设备状态监测终端校验方法进行研究,提出了基于多种.方法集成的变电设备状态监测装置校验技术,研制了可对变电设备状态监测装置进行入网检验、远程校验的校验平台。应用结果表明:运用该平台能够在状态监测装置入网之前就发现其缺.陷并加以消除,实现了对状态监测装置通信规约的一致性检测,保证了在线监测系统的稳定、可靠运行。     

纳米二氧化钛(nTiO_2)与双酚A对斜生栅藻(Scenedes-mus obliquus)的联合毒性效应

纳米二氧化钛(n Ti O2)在被人们广泛使用的同时,其潜在的环境影响也受到越来越多的关注。为深入探讨n Ti O2与环境中现有污染物的相互作用及生物效应,以斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)为受试生物,按照毒性单位法、相加指数法和混合毒性指数法,研究了n Ti O2与双酚A(BPA,一种常见的环境类雌激素)的联合毒性效应。结果显示,n Ti O2与BPA对S.obliquus生长的72 h半抑制浓度(EC50)分别为28.7 mg·L-1与1.81 mg·L-1。而n Ti O2与BPA共存时,在不同毒性比(4:1,3:1,2:1,1:1,1:2和1:3)下,其联合毒性作用(以BPA计)的72 h EC50值分别为2.198,1.58,1.153,0.428,0.306和0.189 mg·L-1。两者的联合毒性作用不仅仅是简单的相加,而是随着两者毒性比的变化,由拮抗作用转变为相加作用,继而转变为协同作用。这表明,n Ti O2进入环境后与现有污染物的毒性比(浓度比)可能是其联合毒性作用模式的一个重要影响因素。     

化工园区建设存在的环境问题与对策措施研究

化工园区建设存在选址不科学,缺乏园区统一规划,园区环保基础设施建设滞后,项目盲目引进而无视环评、验收以及环境风险防范措施不落实和环保监管不力等问题。在园区建设上,应该规划环评要先行,园区建设要科学规划,污染集中处理设施要超前,环境风险防范措施要到位,项目引进把关要严,环保验收要合规,同时要强化宣传,严格执法,增强领导干部的环保意识,促进园区建设走向良性循环的发展道路。