巴东官渡汇流口网箱养鱼对附近水域水质的影响

对巴东官渡汇流口网箱养殖区进行了现场调查和实验室分析,结果显示其水质变化规律为网箱养殖区劣于控制断面区域,控制断面劣于背景和削减断面,同一断面水质基本相同,控制断面水质由网箱向外逐渐变好。主成分分析表明,不同养殖区对水体污染影响依次为：中华鲟养殖区>鸭嘴鲟养殖区>黄颡鱼养殖区>鲤鱼、草鱼混养区。各水质指标相关性分析表明,官渡Chla与总磷和氨氮高度相关;氨氮、总氮、总磷和高锰酸盐指数4个指标明显相关,说明其污染源具有同源性,该水域污染主要受到网箱养殖的影响。以超河流背景断面浓度5％作为划定超背景污染带的标准,网箱养鱼引起的氨氮超背景污染面积最大,约为网箱面积的10倍,高锰酸盐指数超背景污染面积最小,约为网箱面积的5倍     

填料投加对玉米深加工废水处理效果的影响

向单一活性污泥池内投加填料,分析了填料填充率对玉米深加工废水处理效果的影响。结果显示,随着填料填充率的增加,系统的抗CODCr冲击能力有所增强,当填充率为30%时,进水CODCr平均值为832.7mg/L,相邻2天CODCr变化的平均值为779.6mg/L,即CODCr变化均值超过进水CODCr的94%,CODCr去除率仍稳定在80%以上。填料投加对NH4+-N的去除效果改善较大,当填充率为20%时,NH4+-N去除率较无填料投加提高近50%,达90%;当填充率为30%时,去除率可基本稳定在90%。在试验研究的填料填充率下,填料投加对TN的去除改善不大。另外试验还观察到,污泥膨胀期间填料挂膜速率有加快趋势。     

重金属离子对生物污泥活性的抑制

研究了工业废水中常见的Cd~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Cr~(6+)、Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Al~(3+)和Fe~(3+)七种重金属离子对生物污泥的抑制作用。发现其抑制的机理各不相同,前五种为不可逆抑制,污泥经过洗涤,活性不易恢复,而后二种为可逆抑制,污泥洗涤后,活性能基本恢复。试验还发现,几种金属离子同时存在时,抑制性比单一金属离子强。金属离子会在污泥中积聚,因此,即使废水中浓度很低,长期接触也会使生物污泥活性降低。     

多环芳烃在天然水体中的自净机理研究——沉积物对多环芳烃的吸附过程模拟

以黄浦江、淀山湖底泥为沉积物的代表,蒽为多环芳烃的代表性化合物,研究了多环芳烃在天然水体中沉积物上的吸附机理。结果表明,实验条件下两种底泥对蒽的吸附均属多分子层吸附,可用deBoer－Zwikker公式所表示的极化模型较好地描述;吸附等温线出现的阶梯是由于蒽－甲醇分子的溶剂化作用及底泥颗粒的表面不均匀性所致;未参与溶剂化作用的甲醇与溶剂化蒽分子间存在竞争吸附;固体疚应对吸附容量存在较大的影响。     

Intracellular biosynthesis of Au and Ag nanoparticles using ethanolic extract of Brassica oleracea L. and studies on their physicochemical and biological properties

In this present study, we reported broccoli(Brassica oleracea L.) as a potential candidate for the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles(NPs) in green chemistry method. The synthesized metal nanoparticles are evaluated their antimicrobial efficacy against different human pathogenic organisms. The physico-chemical properties of gold nanoparticles were analyzed using different analytical techniques such as a UV–Vis spectrophotometer, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and a Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometer. In addition, gold and silver NP antimicrobial efficacy was checked by disc diffusion assay. UV–Vis color intensity of the nanoparticles was shown at 540 and 450 nm for gold and silver nanoparticles respectively. Higher magnification of the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy image shows the variable morphology of the gold nanoparticles such as spherical, rod and triangular shapes and silver nanoparticles were seen in spherical shapes. The average spherical size of the particles was observed in 24–38 nm for gold and 30–45 nm for silver NPs. X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the presence of gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles which were crystalline in nature. Additionally,the functional metabolites were identified by the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. IR spectra revealed phenols, alcohols, aldehydes(sugar moieties), vitamins and proteins are present in the broccoli extract which are accountable to synthesize the nanoparticles. The synthesized gold and silver NPs inhibited the growth of the tested bacterial and fungal pathogens at the concentration of 50 μg/m L respectively. In addition, broccoli mediated gold and silver nanoparticles have shown potent antimicrobial activity against human pathogens.     

粉葛根腐病菌的生物学特性及防治研究

粉葛根腐病是粉葛生产上新发现的一种毁灭性土传病害。作者对病原作了人工分离和接菌试验，观测了温度、pH对病原菌菌丝体生长的影响；对防治药剂进行了筛选和试验，探讨了该病的有效防治药物及对策。     

水动力过程后湖泊水体磷素变化及其对富营养化的贡献

对水动力过程后水体磷素的变化作了研究，并就其对富营养化的贡献作了分析探讨。研究表明，水动力过程后，TP的质量浓度因重力对含磷颗粒的作用而随沉降时间的延长而渐渐变小，且初期幅度大，后期则趋于平稳；而TDP的质量浓度则在初期因悬浮物的脱附作用而增大，继而随着悬浮物的粘带作用沉降而减少，但经足够长的静置沉降，其又由于水底沉积物的释放作用而增加，有初期“汇”，后期“源”的特点。而分析则表明：水动力过程后。水体磷素会因沉降而变小，但在相当长(50min)的时间里，其质量浓度仍处于高值，从而为湖泊的富营养化提供了最为必要的营养成分，加上不停地受到包括风动力在内的影响，这应是浅水湖泊富营养化，并难以治理的根源。     

可靠性技术的应用与发展

电子产品的可靠性是通过设计、制造、检测、管理出来的。取决于设计、制造、检测和管理等多方因素。     

Composition analysis of colored dissolved organic matter in Taihu Lake based on three dimension excitation-emission fuorescence matrix and PARAFAC model, and the potential application in water quality monitoring

Taihu Lake is one of the five biggest lakes in China. Surface water samples from 26 sampling sites of Taihu Lake were collected. Furthermore wet chemical analysis (CODCr and BOD5) and measurement of three dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3DEEM) spectra in the laboratory have been conducted. Using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model, three components of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) have been identified successfully, based on the analysis of 3DEEM data. The characteristics of the three components also have been described by comparing them to some components of CDOM, identified in earlier researches. Meanwhile, spatial variations of concentration for the three components in Taihu Lake have been analyzed, and the result indicates that the concentration of component 1 depends more on the situation of wastewater pollution and can be used as the indicator of wastewater pollution. The relationship between the concentrations of the three components and results of the wet chemical analysis show that none of the three components can be used as indicators of gross organic matter in water. However, the concentrations of all the three components have obvious linear relationships with the BOD5 value, especially for component 1 (r=0.72878). Finally, the potential applications of the composition analysis based on 3DEEM and PARAFAC model in water quality monitoring have been illuminated.     

海洋滩涂贝类养殖环境的研究现状

随着海洋滩涂贝类养殖业的发展，滩涂贝类养殖环境日趋恶化，生物病原大量滋生，养殖生产受到了严重的阻碍。文章介绍了我国滩涂的分布、类型和资源开发利用状况；结合滩涂贝类养殖生产和发病状况，从微生物学、底栖生态学和污染生态化学等角度，对我国在海洋滩涂贝类养殖环境方而取得的研究成果进行了综述；提出了滩涂贝类养殖环境方面亟需解决的问题。这些问题包括养殖容量的确定、底栖生物生态的研究、健康养殖模式的确立和污染环境的生物修复等。