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161.
162.
Chlortoluron chlorination is studied in the pH range of 3-10 at 25 ± 1 °C. The chlorination kinetics can be well described by a second-order kinetics model, first-order in chlorine and first-order in chlortoluron. The apparent rate constants were determined and found to be minimum at pH 6, maximum at pH 3 and medium at alkaline conditions. The rate constant of each predominant elementary reactions (i.e., the acid-catalyzed reaction of chlortoluron with HOCl, the reaction of chlortoluron with HOCl and the reaction of chlortoluron with OCl−) was calculated as 3.12 (± 0.10) × 107 M−2 h−1, 3.11 (±0.39) × 102 M−1 h−1 and 3.06 (±0.47) × 103 M−1 h−1, respectively. The main chlortoluron chlorination by-products were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with purge-and-trap pretreatment, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-MS and GC-electron capture detector. Six volatile disinfection by-products were identified including chloroform (CF), dichloroacetonitrile, 1,1-dichloropropanone, 1,1,1-trichloropropanone, dichloronitromethane and trichloronitromethane. Degradation pathways of chlortoluron chlorination were then proposed. High concentrations of CF were generated during chlortoluron chlorination, with maximum CF yield at circumneutral pH range in solution. 相似文献
163.
Vijgen J Abhilash PC Li YF Lal R Forter M Torres J Singh N Yunus M Tian C Schäffer A Weber R 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(2):152-162
Purpose
Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (??-, ??- and ??- (Lindane)) were recently included as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention, and therefore, the legacy of HCH and Lindane production became a contemporary topic of global relevance. This article wants to briefly summarise the outcomes of the Stockholm Convention process and make an estimation of the amount of HCH waste generated and dumped in the former Lindane/HCH-producing countries.Results
In a preliminary assessment, the countries and the respective amount of HCH residues stored and deposited from Lindane production are estimated. Between 4 and 7 million tonnes of wastes of toxic, persistent and bioaccumulative residues (largely consisting of alpha- (approx. 80%) and beta-HCH) are estimated to have been produced and discarded around the globe during 60 years of Lindane production. For approximately 1.9 million tonnes, information is available regarding deposition. Countries are: Austria, Brazil, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Macedonia, Nigeria, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, The Netherlands, UK, USA, and former USSR. The paper highlights the environmental relevance of deposited HCH wastes and the related POPs?? contaminated sites and provides suggestions for further steps to address the challenge of the legacy of HCH/Lindane production.Conclusion
It can be expected that most locations where HCH waste was discarded/stockpiled are not secured and that critical environmental impacts are resulting from leaching and volatilisation. As parties to the Stockholm Convention are legally required to take action to stop further POPs pollution, identification and evaluation of such sites are necessary. 相似文献164.
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167.
Tao Miaomiao Xu Ying Liu Qingyang Liu Yanju Tian Shili Schauer James J. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(3):1281-1286
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Plants remove efficiently atmospheric pollution by soot particles, yet the mechanisms used by leaves to capture soot particles are unclear. Here, we studied the... 相似文献
168.
介绍水射流技术在放顶煤综采中的应用。通过具体的技术经济指标说明在一定的条件下水系与放顶煤综采相结合是提高采煤效益的新途径。还说明,水射流技术在采矿工业中有着广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
169.
本文通过对芦笋的高产栽培技术与开发利用研究,提出黑龙江省可扩大芦笋的种植面积,形成开发利用规模,为发展乡镇企业开创一条致富门路,并满足黑龙江市场需求。 相似文献
170.
田静敏 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2002,12(1):77-78
实施教师资格制度使教师的任用走上了科学化、规范化、法制化的轨道,推动了教育人事的改革,逐步形成了开放式的教师培养体系。 相似文献