膜生物反应器无剩余污泥排放的研究

本文介绍了以膜生物反应器为基础的剩余污泥产量最少或无剩余污泥产生的最新的污水处理理论和技术。从技术微生物基本生命活动的物质转化概念和细胞产生和平衡的理论,提出了确定维持微生物基本生命活动的物质转化系数的方法,从理论与实验上计实了膜生物反应器无剩余污泥排放的可能性。     

Self-healing passivation of pyrite at ambient temperature

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Acid mine drainage is highly acidic and contains heavy metals, which can be harmful to soil, water, plants, and animals. To solve this issue, surface passivation...     

New insights into the formation of ammonium nitrate from a physical and chemical level perspective

● Factor analysis of ammonium nitrate formation based on thermodynamic theory. ● Aerosol liquid water content has important role on the ammonium nitrate formation. ● Contribution of coal combustion and vehicle exhaust is significant in haze periods. High levels of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) is linked to poor air quality and premature deaths, so haze pollution deserves the attention of the world. As abundant inorganic components in PM_2.5, ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) formation includes two processes, the diffusion process (molecule of ammonia and nitric acid move from gas phase to liquid phase) and the ionization process (subsequent dissociation to form ions). In this study, we discuss the impact of meteorological factors, emission sources, and gaseous precursors on NH₄NO₃ formation based on thermodynamic theory, and identify the dominant factors during clean periods and haze periods. Results show that aerosol liquid water content has a more significant effect on ammonium nitrate formation regardless of the severity of pollution. The dust source is dominant emission source in clean periods; while a combination of coal combustion and vehicle exhaust sources is more important in haze periods. And the control of ammonia emission is more effective in reducing the formation of ammonium nitrate. The findings of this work inform the design of effective strategies to control particulate matter pollution.     

新型防粘闭污水土地处理系统的研究与应用

对新型污水土地处理系统进行了研究 ,并详细分析了该系统具有较好处理效果且不发生堵塞的原因 ,总结了该系统的优缺点     

清污分质法处理啤酒废水的工程应用

分析了应用厌氧UASB技术分质处理啤酒高浓度酿造废水,并将此废水与其他低浓度废水混合进入新型生物接触氧化工艺处理。根据工艺的设计、调试和工程实际运行情况表明,该工艺具有技术先进、高效低耗、运行稳定、投资省、管理简单、出水水质好等特点。     

一种抗菌生物防护口罩的研制

具有抗菌功能的生物防护口罩对于预防呼吸道传染病的流行、保护人员健康具有重要的意义。本文采用化学键结合的方法将生物抗菌剂ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-PL)固定在聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)非织造布上并与其它过滤材料复合,采用密合拱型结构设计研制出一种具有抗菌功能的生物防护口罩。实验结果表明,该口罩对菌悬液和微生物气溶胶的抗菌率分别为99.99%和81.9%,且抗菌性能稳定;对颗粒气溶胶和微生物气溶胶的过滤效率分别为99.32%和99.99%,在满足GB19083的基础上具有优良的生物防护性能。     

染料结晶紫降解菌分离及其特性研究

从印染废水中筛选分离得到结晶紫(CV)降解菌株H,并对其脱色条件和机理进行了研究.结果表明,在外加生长基质条件下,菌株H不仅对CV降解脱色而且能降解中间产物.在pH 7.0、35℃、摇床转速180 r/min条件下,菌株H有最佳的脱色效果.对于20 mg/L CV溶液,生长细胞降解0.5 h,脱色率可达95%.休眠细胞对CV的降解规律也进行了对比探讨.菌株H对CV脱色过程遵循一级动力学方程,脱色速率常数k随CV浓度升高而降低,生长细胞的k值约为休眠细胞的6～7倍.     

Effect of long-term application of biosolids for land reclamation on surface water chemistry

Biosolids are known to have a potential to restore degraded land, but the long-term impacts of this practice on the environment, including water quality, still need to be evaluated. The surface water chemistry (NO3-, NH4+, and total P, Cd, Cu, and Hg) was monitored for 31 yr from 1972 to 2002 in a 6000-ha watershed at Fulton County, Illinois, where the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago was restoring the productivity of strip-mined land using biosolids. The mean cumulative loading rates during the past 31 yr were 875 dry Mg ha(-1) for 1120-ha fields in the biosolids-amended watershed and 4.3 dry Mg ha(-1) for the 670-ha fields in the control watershed. Biosolids were injected into mine spoil fields as liquid fertilizer from 1972 to 1985, and incorporated as dewatered cake from 1980 to 1996 and air-dried solids from 1987 to 2002. The mean annual loadings of nutrients and trace elements from biosolids in 1 ha were 735 kg N, 530 kg P, 4.5 kg Cd, 30.7 kg Cu, and 0.11 kg Hg in the fields of the biosolids-amended watershed, and negligible in the fields of the control watershed. Sampling of surface water was conducted monthly in the 1970s, and three times per year in the 1980s and 1990s. The water samples were collected from 12 reservoirs and 2 creeks receiving drainage from the fields in the control watershed, and 8 reservoirs and 4 creeks associated with the fields in the biosolids-amended watershed for the analysis of NO3- -N (including NO2- N), NH4+-N, and total P, Cd, Cu, and Hg. Compared to the control (0.18 mg L(-1)), surface water NO3- -N in the biosolids-amended watershed (2.23 mg L(-1)) was consistently higher; however, it was still below the Illinois limit of 10 mg L(-1) for public and food-processing water supplies. Biosolids applications had a significant effect on mean concentrations of ammonium N (0.11 mg L(-1) for control and 0.24 mg L(-1) for biosolids) and total P (0.10 mg L(-1) for control and 0.16 mg L(-1) for biosolids) in surface water. Application of biosolids did not increase the concentrations of Cd and Hg in surface water. The elevation of Cu in surface water with biosolids application only occurred in some years of the first decade, when land-applied sludges contained high concentrations of trace metals, including Cu. In fact, following the promulgation of 40 CFR Part 503, the concentrations of all three metals fell below the method detection level (MDL) in surface water for nearly all samplings. Nitrate in the surface water tends to be higher in spring, and ammonium, total P, and total Hg in summer and fall. Mean nitrate, ammonium, and total phosphorus concentrations were found to be greater in creeks than reservoirs. The results indicate that application of biosolids for land reclamation at high loading rates from 1972 to 2002, with adequate runoff and soil erosion control, had only a minor impact on surface water quality.     

微波辐射在二氧化锰诱导下对六氯苯污染土壤的修复研究

以二氧化锰为微波吸附剂,在密封体系中研究了微波辐射技术对六氯苯污染土壤的修复效果。分别以不同浓度的酸碱水溶液添加到土壤中,在模拟含水率为20%情况下,硫酸(50%)介质下六氯苯处理效果最好,10min的微波辐射即可使50mg/kg的六氯苯达到完全去除;但是在纯水和10mol/L氢氧化钠介质下,六氯苯基本上没有去除;随着硫酸浓度的降低,六氯苯的去除率显著降低。气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)分析没有检测到新物质。六氯苯去除机理推测为,直接矿化或者HCB及其分解的中间产物同土壤发生化学结合而被固定起来,以致难以萃取出来。     

分子印迹技术在水环境抗生素富集中的应用进展

近年来,由于抗生素的大量使用,使得环境中抗生素的残留现象变得十分普遍.这些残留的抗生素通过多种途径进入到水环境中,会对人类健康以及水生生态系统造成危害.分子印迹技术(MIT)因其能选择性识别、有效富集和去除目标分析物,被广泛应用于水环境中抗生素的富集及检测.本文介绍了分子印迹技术的原理以及印迹聚合物的制备方法,并且总结...