Ecological and economic impacts of green roofs and permeable pavements at the city level: the case of Corvallis,Oregon

A city's spatial footprint is covered by extensive impervious building roofs and paved surfaces, which contribute to greater storm-water runoff, more surface pollutants, and less carbon sequestration, hence, worse ecosystem services. This research conducts an empirical study on the ecological and economic impacts of a citywide adoption of green roofs and permeable pavements in Corvallis, OR. The effects on ecosystem services of using green roofs and pervious pavements for a low impact development are modelled using Integrated Value of Ecosystem Services Trade-offs and compared to those from the City's current conventional development without green roofs and pervious pavements. The differences are analysed for ecological impact by storm-water yield, storm-water purification, and carbon sequestration and economic impact by a cost-benefit comparison. The results indicate that low impact development, especially intensive green roofs on commercial/industrial buildings and permeable pavements for parking lots, plays a significant role, even with a higher initial implementation cost, for long-term urban sustainability.     

国际环境法中环境影响评价手段的实施问题研究

环境影响评价这一概念是1964年在加拿大召开的国际环境质量评价的学术会议上提出的,是指在一定区域内进行开发活动之前,应对实施该活动可能给环境质量造成的影响进行调查、预测和评定,并对此作出分析,给出处理意见和对策。它首先在美国作为一项法律制度被确立,此后被许多国家采用。随着环境影响评价制度在各国的推行,国际社会也开始关注环境影响评价在国际环境法中的实施问题。     

农村污水处理技术现状及发展前景

随着城市化的发展和人民生活水平的提高,农村生活污水污染指标由单一化日趋复杂,是农村水体环境恶化的重要污染源,农村生活污水迫切需要治理,本文在对实施农村生活污水处理技术概述的基础上,就近年来国内外处理农村生污水的现状及研究进展进行了分析,探讨了农村生活污水处理技术的发展方向。     

偶氮染料生物降解机理的研究

运用紫外光谱、液相色谱与质谱研究了偶氮染料的降解过程.通过紫外光谱分析,以酸性红B为底物测定了偶氮还原酶的酶活.以甲基红为底物,分析了偶氮染料的降解机理.提出并验证了在偶氮染料还原过程中,存在一个加氢的中间体.     

对少数民族地区中学生环境教育的静思——以贵州铜仁为例

通过对贵州铜仁地区部分中学环境教育的问卷调查,了解到人们一直把课堂渗透作为其主要途径;部分领导和教师对环境教育不够重视,在课时分配、教学计划、教学过程中缺乏加强环境教育内容的意识;现行的课程设置,有关环境知识的内容比较零散、肤浅,不能使学生形成完整的环境概念,影响了学校环境教育目的的实现。因此,提高教育者的环境教育意识、健全评价培训制度、拓宽教育途径、创新教学方法,开发有利于环境教育的课程教材是促使中学生环境意识与环保行动得到协调一致发展的有效策略。     

生态资本与经济增长模型研究

改革开放以来,中国依靠“高投入-高消耗”的发展模式,保持了20多年的经济高速增长。但由于长期忽视生态因素,导致了日益严重的生态破坏。为了建设和谐社会,如何将生态资本引入经济增长模型,并突出其在经济增长中的重要地位已成为当务之急。在综合分析大量文献的基础上,理清了生态资本的概念和特征。选择了合适的经济增长模型,并将生态资本作为内生变量嵌入其中,构建了新的模型。依据新模型,进一步分析了生态资本与经济增长之间的关系,并提出了相关的政策建议。     

环境保护纪念日活动的经验

总结了策划和组织环境保护纪念日活动的一些做法和取得的效果,以"六.五"世界环境日为例,进行了主要经验教训的总结。     

石包城乡榆林河流域放牧活动对沼泽性湿地水环境理化性质影响调查

研究主要对甘肃省西北部肃北蒙古族自治县石包城乡以南约1km处的榆林河源头东岸的湿地水环境进行调查采样,选择盐度、TDS、电导率、pH等水质理化指标进行测定分析,由实验结果可以看出,放牧活动对湿地水质理化指标有影响,受到保护的湿地由于放牧行为较少,没有超出湿地的承载能力,因此影响较小。     

Removal of ammonium-N from ammonium-rich sewage using an immobilized Bacillus subtilis AYC bioreactor system

A self-design bioreactor system employing a fixed bed operation process with immobilized Bacillus subtilis AYC beads for NH4 +-N removal from slightly polluted water was proposed. Polyvinyl alcohol and Na-alginate were used as a gel matrix to entrap Bacillus subtilis AYC to form the immobilized beads. The NH4 +-N removal process was studied in a intermittent operation mode to examine the start-up and steady state behaviors of the immobilized AYC in the reactor. The results indicated that the reactor was in the start-up state during the first week. NH4 +-N began to be steadily removal since the second week, and the nitrogen removal rate was between 84.61% and 96.19% when the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 30 min. To apply Bacillus subtilis AYC to develop a practical nitrogen removal system and further understand its nitrogen removal ability, the bioreactor was continuously operated under different experimental perameters. The results showed that under the optimum conditions of an HRT of 20 min and DO of 3.77–5.80 mg/L, the NH4 +-N removal rate reached 99.55%. The NH4 +-N removal rate increased as the C/N ratio increased. However, a high C/N may cause a high residual carbon level in the effluent, therefore, the most suitable C/N ratio was 10. In addition, the results showed that the bioreactor system could remove many types of nitrogen such as NH4 +-N, NO3??-N and organic-N, and had a good performance for inorganic nitrogen removal from sewage.