Removal of methylene blue by coupling black carbon adsorption with TiO2 photodegradation

In this study, the removal of methylene blue (MB) by the coupling of black carbon (BC) and TiO₂ was investigated. The effects of different parameters such as catalyst dose, sorbent, initial concentrations of dye, pH of the solutions, recycles on discoloration, and chemical oxidation demand (COD) reduction of MB were monitored to optimize the reaction conditions. The discoloration and COD conversation rate of MB obtained by the coupling process were 100% after 90?min irradiation. The synergistic effect of MB-adsorption on BC followed by degradation through TiO₂ photocatalysis was proved by FT–IR spectrophotometer. The BC as by-product of natural materials is a promising adsorbent for waste water treatment.     

Determination and QSPR analysis of log Kow and log Koc for fluorine containing benzene derivatives

Octanol‐water partition coefficients (Kow) and soil organic carbon sorption coefficients (Koc) were determined for 14 fluorinated benzene derivatives. Quantitative structure‐property relationships were developed using molecular connectivity indices and quantum chemical parameters to analyze the most significant factors influencing these physico‐chemical properties of the compounds. The substitution by F in benzene derivatives has greater influence on Koc than on Kow.     

Structural effect on photocatalytic degradation of metallised azo dyes in aqueous TiO2 suspension

Three metallised azo dyes were investigated under TiO₂‐photocatalytic and photosensitised conditions in aqueous buffering solutions. The degradation follows apparent first‐order kinetics. The size and strength of intramolecular conjugation determine the light‐fastness of the investigated dyes. Compared with ¹O₂ produced in photosensitised process, the more powerful *OH radicals in TiCO₂ photocatalytic process are highly reactive towards the investigated azo dyes. And as a result, the TiO₂‐photocatalysis makes little less distinction in the degradation kinetic data of the azo dyes compared with the photosensitised degradation of them.     

基于风险评估的火灾保险与消防管理互动模式的探讨

火灾保险与消防互动的管理模式是我国火灾风险管理的必然发展方向.在对国外发达国家该领域现状进行分析的基础上,指出了我国目前两个行业的现状和存在的问题,提出了基于风险评估的火灾保险与消防管理互动模式及其操作方法,深入探讨了确保该模式运行的外部条件,为科学合理地进行火灾风险的管理提供帮助.     

Fluent软件在地表水源热泵系统温排水数值模拟中的运用

运用Fluent软件对重庆市嘉陵江化龙桥段瑞安新天地江水水源热泵系统尾水排入受纳水域的过程进行二维数值模拟,选取Fluent中非耦合、隐式求解器对模型内的定常流动进行求解,得出受纳水域受水源热泵系统温排水影响后的温升面积和温度梯度。结果表明:在温排水流量为2.0×103 m3/h、温差为4℃的条件下,计算该水域沿水流方向温升超过1℃的最大影响距离为150.4 m,温升超过1℃的水域面积约为1 525 m2,为模拟江水面积的8.59%。选取1℃温升值作为温升带的边界控制值,并在热泵系统最大负荷工况下,根据W=Q×ΔT计算研究水域热环境容量为19.402 m3.℃/s,剩余热环境容量为17.736 m3.℃/s。根据地表水环境质量标准,该工程温排水量小于受纳水域的热承载力,不会对受纳水域生态环境造成热污染。     

镧、铈、钕对小鼠肝细胞线粒体的氧化损伤作用

轻稀土元素进入生物体后主要累积于肝脏,进入肝细胞,除蓄积在细胞核中,还存在于线粒体中。为探讨轻稀土元素对小鼠肝细胞线粒体的氧化损伤作用,选用5周龄雄性ICR小鼠分别以10、20和40mg·kg~(-1)的镧(La)、铈(Ce)和钕(Nd)灌胃,6周后测定小鼠肝细胞线粒体中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)的活性,以及谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果显示,与对照组相比,La中剂量组和Ce低剂量组SOD活性显著升高,La高剂量组和Nd中、高剂量组中SOD活性显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);除个别剂量组外,各染毒组CAT和GPx活性与GSH含量显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);Nd各剂量组、La高剂量组和Ce高剂量组的MDA含量显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。研究表明,La、Ce和Nd所导致的CAT和GPx活性以及GSH含量降低可能是造成肝细胞线粒体氧化损伤的主要原因。     

Costs and prices for renewable energy development in industrialized countries and applications to China

Developing renewable energy is now becoming a hot topic as it is important in dealing with climate change issue and energy supply issue. With the growing demand of energy, it has become urgent to develop the effective policies and measures that would enable people to maintain the living standards. Among all the measures, price is an essential one. In order to evaluate the costs and prices of the electricity from renewable energy sources (RES-E) and their effects to the market, this paper firstly focus on the extra costs of the RES-E by breaking it into four parts, including investment, construction, connection and operation. Then, the policy choices made in some typical industrialized countries are examined to find answers to the problems RES-E can raise. Finally, the choices made in China are examined in comparison to industrialized countries so as to determine how the current situation could be improved.     

洱海流域湖泊湖滨带福寿螺时空分布

福寿螺是世界100种恶性入侵物种中唯一的水生螺,已对大理及周边地区造成了不可估量的经济损失和生态安全问题。为探究洱海流域湖泊湖滨带福寿螺时空分布及与水环境因子、季节之间的关系,探索福寿螺在大理地区的入侵机制,为大理地区高效防治福寿螺提供建设性建议,并为福寿螺时空分布格局的相关研究积累资料,于2016年冬季和2017年夏季在大理洱海及其上游水源地海西海、西湖、茈碧湖、绿玉池,以及罗时江湿地进行系统抽样,利用统计软件分析福寿螺分布与水质关系,结合GIS,分析福寿螺的时空分布以及潜在入侵危害。结果表明,从空间尺度上,洱海流域福寿螺有进一步扩散的趋势;从时间尺度上,福寿螺的密度随季节性水位的改变而变化;洱海流域的福寿螺分布和水质因子之间基本无相关性。     

极性可调功能化纤维的构建及其对废水磷酸盐的去除

本文利用腈纶纤维(PANF)便于回收、易于修饰、价格低廉等优点,通过不同链长卤代烃的季铵化反应,构建系列极性可调的功能化腈纶纤维,通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射等技术进行表征,并研究纤维表层极性调控对水体磷酸盐的吸附性能的影响.结果 表明,正溴丁烷修饰的季铵化纤维(PANT-C4F)对磷的吸附能力(25 mg·g-1P)优于正溴己烷和正溴辛烷修饰的季铵盐功能化纤维(PANT-C6F、PANT-C8F).改性纤维材料的吸附动力学更符合准二级动力学模型,吸附等温线采用Langmuir模型拟合更优,说明功能化纤维对磷的去除主要为单分子层化学吸附.PANT-C4F在pH 7左右时,对磷的吸附效果最好,且3 min达到平衡,因此具有较高的吸附效率.此外,PANT-C4F吸附的磷酸盐可以在NaCl溶液中解吸附,至少可以循环5次以上,实现功能化纤维的循环利用和磷的有效回收.研究表明,PANT-C4F是一种高效的水体磷酸盐吸附材料,具有较高的实际应用价值.