酸碱改性对氧化铁脱硫剂脱硫性能影响的研究

通过酸碱改性制备了酸式和碱式2种不同表面性质的常温氧化铁脱硫剂,并采用FT-IR技术对其表面酸碱性质和净化硫化氢废气活性进行了研究.结果表明,表面酸碱件质不同的脱硫剂其脱硫反应行为也不同,在脱硫过程中硫化氢氧化生成的硫酸及亚硫酸会影响脱硫剂的表面酸碱性质,造成酸式脱硫剂的表面酸性更强,从而抑制了硫化氢分子在酸式脱硫剂表...     

酵母菌产乳化剂能力及其对含油废水降解性能的影响研究

研究了3株酵母菌(Candida lipolytica、Candida tropicalis和Candida halophila)产乳化剂能力与废水降解性能的关系.研究结果表明,3株酵母菌在含油废水中生长良好,且均可产生乳化剂.培养5 d后,菌株Candida lipolytica和Candida tropicalia...     

A Two-Step Chemical Process for the Extraction of Cellulose Fiber and Pectin from Mulberry Branch Bark Efficiently

In this work, a two-step method for the extraction of pectin and cellulose fiber from mulberry branch bark, a by-product of sericultural industry, was described. The method was based on the acid extraction of pectin and subsequently alkali treatment for obtaining cellulose fibers. The obtained pectin was high purity with the total galacturonic acid content of 85.46% ± 2.76% and the degree of esterification of 71.13% ± 1.67%. The chemical composition analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD and TG analysis were used to characterize the cellulose fiber at different processing stages. After the two-step chemical process, the cellulose content was increased from 37.38% in original bark to 92.60% in cellulose fiber. The FTIR spectra revealed the removal of pectin, hemicelluloses and lignin from the bark by acid extraction and alkali treatment. The XRD and TG results indicated that the obtained cellulose fibers were with the increased crystallinity and thermal stability, whose crystallinity and degradation temperature were 86.36% ± 5.56% and 355 °C, respectively. This work may provide a new approach for high utilization of mulberry branch bark.     

Determination of chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin and 29 pesticides residues in bovine milk by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A sensitive method for determination of chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin and 29 pesticides residues in bovine milk by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed. Residues of the targets were extracted from milk with acetonitrile, cleaned up by C₁₈-SPE cartridge, and then determined by HPLC-MS/MS. The MS detection was operated in positive or negative ionization mode, depending on the compounds. For confirmation of each target compound, two precursor ion > product ion transitions were selected by multi-reaction monitoring mode (MRM). The method showed good linearity for all the tested compounds over the studied concentration range with correlation coefficient higher than 0.9910. Recoveries for the studied compounds at three spiked levels (0.05, 0.10, 0.19 mg kg⁻¹) in bovine milk were in the range of 71-107% with RSDs not larger than 13.7%, except that recoveries of trifluralin ranged between 62% and 70% at the spiked levels. Limits of quantitation for the analytes were estimated to range between 0.03 × 10⁻³ and 14.5 × 10⁻³ mg kg⁻¹. The proposed method was applied for the determination of the analytes residues in real samples. The found levels of the analytes in milk samples were lower than maximum residues levels (MRL).     

Fate and transport of engineered nanomaterials in the environment

With the fast development of nanotechnology, engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) will inevitably be introduced into the various environment. Increasing studies showed the toxiccity of various ENMs, which raises concerns over their fate and transport in the environment. This review focuses on advances in the research on environmental transport and fate of ENMs. Aggregation and suspension behaviors of ENMs determining their fate and transport in aqueous environment are discussed, with emphasis on the influencing factors, including natural colloids, natural organic matter, pH, and ionic strength. Studies on the transport of ENMs in porous media and its influencing factors are reviewed, and transformation and organismcleansing, as two fate routes of ENMs in the environment, are addressed. Future research directions and outlook in the environmental transport and fate of ENMs are also presented.     

砂滤/超滤回用处理校园景观水

在连续式65d运行过程中,采用砂滤/超滤回用处理校园景观水,对校园景观水中高锰酸盐指数、氨氮和浊度的去除效果进行了研究。结果表明:(1)生物滤池对高锰酸盐指数去除率为1.5%～37.0%,平均去除率为18.7%;超滤膜对高锰酸盐指数去除率为40.5%～93.7%,平均去除率为67.5%。(2)生物滤池对氨氮去除率为1.0%～77.6%。(3)砂滤/超滤工艺对浊度的去除率为24.6%～100.0%。(4)生物滤池内生物相以菌胶团和后生动物为主,利用后生动物对有机颗粒等的吞噬,使系统具有良好反堵塞自我调节作用。(5)利用10%(质量分数)NaOH对膜清洗效果要优于10%(质量分数)HCl。     

艰氮和限磷对活性污泥合成聚羟基烷酸的影响

聚羟基烷酸（PHA）是微生物在不平衡营养条件下贮存的一种胞内聚合物,限磷和限氮两种方式均有助于活性污泥中的混合菌群合成PHA,研究考察了两种不同方式下活性污泥合成PHA的情况。实验结果表明,当C：N为125时,活性污泥中PHA的合成量达到细胞干重的59％;当c：P为750时,活性污泥积累的最大PHA含量占细胞干重的37％,说明限氮和限磷两种方式对活性污泥合成PHA均有很大影响,且限氮方式更有效。     

舟山钓梁围垦工程土工布、碎石垫层施工技术探讨

海洋深水软土地基筑堤基础处理通常采用爆破挤淤法及塑料排水板排水固结法。排水板排水固结法主要工序有土工布、碎石垫层铺设、塑料排水板打插,其中碎石垫层作为滤水层,对基础处理效果有较大的影响。根据舟山钓梁工程施工情况看,目前塑料排水板打插工艺相对较成熟,而土工布、碎石垫层铺设工艺则尚在研究探讨中,因此重点对舟山市钓梁围垦工程土工布、碎石垫层铺设的施工工艺进行探讨,为今后发展提供参考。     

Nitrogen loss through lateral seepage in near-trench paddy fields

A near-trench paddy field experiment with five urea application rates (0-360 kg N ha(-1) in 90-kg increments) was conducted on a paddy soil in the Taihu Lake Region of China to elucidate N losses through lateral seepage during three rice (Oryza sativa L.) growing seasons. The total N (Nt), NH4(+) -N, and NO3(-) -N concentrations in the lateral seepage water increased with increasing N rates. The seasonal Nt fluxes by lateral seepage varied from 6.8 to 25.6 kg N ha(-1) for urea application rates of 90 to 360 kg N ha(-1). Lateral seepage accounted for 4.7 to 6.6% of the Nt applied, implying that lateral seepage was an important pathway of N loss from near-trench paddy fields. The cumulative N loss via lateral seepage was significantly related to N fertilization rate (P = 0.05). Floodwater level was also identified as a main factor affecting N losses via lateral seepage from paddy fields, as indicated by a positive linear relationship (R2 = 0.43) between floodwater level and daily lateral flow during the flooded period (P = 0.05). Under the conditions of these experiments, a shallow floodwater depth of 50 mm, urea application rates of 90 kg N ha(-1) or less, and no rainfall within 1 wk after N application reduced N losses by lateral seepage from paddy fields.     

建立环境预警监测体系的探讨

要实现环境保护的"三个转变",环境预警监测处在最前沿.如何建立环境预警监测体系,充分发挥各组成部分的功能,成为目前环境监测的中心工作.本文从环境预警监测工作的作用和重要性入手,分析了体系的组成部分:人才、技术能力和监测质量.