粉煤灰中微量元素浸出特性试验研究

通过采用不同pH值的浸出剂对淮南上窑贮灰场中粉煤灰进行了室内浸泡试验研究,得出粉煤灰中微量元素的浸出规律.结果表明:微量元素Cu,Mn,Cd,Ni,Zn随着pH值的增大析出浓度减少,而Cr随着pH值的增大溶出浓度增大,B的溶出与pH值的关系不明显;粉煤灰中微量元素溶出率很低,不会对环境造成污染.     

Effect of TiO2 surface properties on the SCR activity of NOx emission abatement catalyst

NOx emission abatement catalysts V2O5 supported on various TiO2 including anatase, rutile and mixture of both were investigated with various physico-chemical measurements such as BET, NH3-TPD, NARP, XRD and so on, and the effect of TiO2 surface properties on the SCR (selective catalytic reduction) activity of V20s/TiO2 catalysts was studied. It was found that the TiO2 surface properties had strong affect on the SCR activity of V2Os/TiO2 catalysts. The stronger acidic property resulted in the higher exposure of active sites as well as the higher SCR activity.     

2015年国庆期间我国城市空气污染特征及成因分析

本文基于我国31个省会城市283个环境监测站的实时观测数据,分析了2015年国庆期间我国城市空气污染特征,并结合MODIS/Terra数据、欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)气压场及风场数据对其成因进行了讨论。结果表明:本次区域性空气污染最先出现在华中和华东地区,但是在华北地区最为严重。不同城市的主要污染物具有显著的时空差异。除西安和乌鲁木齐以外,其他城市的颗粒物污染主要由细颗粒物主导。NO_2、CO和SO_2的变化趋势基本一致,而O_3仅在北京、天津和济南三个城市与其他污染气体同步变化;在其他城市则与NO_2和CO等呈现相反的变化趋势。由卫星影像、天气形势和风场变化分析得知:不考虑本地背景排放源的前提下,本次污染事件主要由我国秋季的秸秆燃烧和不利的气象条件共同作用造成的。     

常绿阔叶林改造为板栗林对土壤氮磷钾库及酶活性的影响

研究天然林改造为人工林对土壤养分库的影响,对于森林的可持续经营具有非常重要的意义。论文为探明天然常绿阔叶林改造为板栗林对土壤氮磷钾库及酶活性的影响,在浙江省临安市三口镇采集了相邻的天然常绿阔叶林和板栗林（板栗林由天然常绿阔叶林改造而来）的表层（0~20 cm）与亚表层（20~40 cm）土壤,测定土壤不同形态氮磷钾素和蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性。结果表明：表层和亚表层土壤pH值、水溶性有机氮（WSON）和微生物量氮（MBN）均显著降低,而铵态氮和硝态氮含量均显著增加（P < 0.05）;表层土壤全氮含量显著增加,而亚表层土壤全氮含量无显著变化;表层土壤树脂提取态磷（Resin-P_i）、碳酸氢钠提取态无机磷（NaHCO₃-P_i）、氢氧化钠提取态无机磷（NaOH-P_i）、盐酸提取态磷（HCl-P_i）和残余态磷（Residual-P）含量分别增加了61.4%、53.5%、19.2%、55.1%和25.3%,亚表层土壤Resin-P_i、NaHCO₃-P_i、HCl-P_i和Residual-P含量分别增加了64.6%、61.2%、13.7%和17.3%;而表层土壤碳酸氢钠提取态有机磷（NaHCO₃-P_o）和氢氧化钠提取态有机磷（NaOH-P_o）含量分别下降了24.8%和18.3%,亚表层土壤NaHCO₃-P_o和NaOH-P_o含量分别下降了20.5%和7.7%;表层土壤的速效钾、缓效钾、矿物态钾和全钾含量均显著增加,亚表层土壤速效钾、缓效钾含量显著增加,而矿物态钾和全钾无显著变化;表层土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性显著下降,亚表层土壤脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性显著下降（P < 0.05）。综上,上述林分转变对土壤无机氮磷钾库具有正面效应,而对土壤有机氮磷钾库与酶活性具有负面效应。     

深圳市一次典型污染天气污染特征分析研究——以2016年3月空气质量为例

2016年3月31日,深圳市及其周边地区出现典型的区域性空气污染事件,多数地区的AQI超过了100.主要污染物浓度和气象要素的逐小时变化表明,该次污染天气主要是在不利气象条件下,由污染物区域传输和二次污染物生成共同导致的.进一步的后向轨迹分析表明,污染日抵达深圳市的气团可能从东莞、广州和佛山等地区携带了大量污染物,并且移动速度缓慢,造成了深圳较为严重的污染天气,而污染日前和污染日后抵达深圳市的气团有利于污染物的稀释扩散,因此空气质量较好.     

Propane oxidation and steam reforming over Pd/LaFe(0.8) Co(0.2) O3 catalyst: effects of the reactant composition and steam

The effects of reactant composition and steam on propane combustion over Pd/LaFe0.8Co0.2O3 catalyst were investigated.Propane conversion and the oxidation state of palladium were strongly affected by the redox ration of reactants.Higher propane conversion could be obtained under rich conditions and explained as a complex balance between oxidation and steam reforming.Water produced in the oxidation could promote the propane conversion by steam reforming.However,the presence of excess steam would bring about inhibition.     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in chicken tissues and eggs from an electronic waste recycling area in southeast China

The levels and distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in chicken tissues from an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling area in southeast China were investigated. Human dietary intake by local residents via chicken muscle and eggs was estimated. The mean PBDEs concentrations in tissues ranged from 15.2 to 3138.1 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and in egg the concentration was 563.5 ng/g lw. The results showed that the level of total PBDEs (PPBDEs) in the chicken tissue was 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than those reported in the literature. The large di erence of PPBDEs concentrations between tissues confirmed that the distribution of PBDEs in tissues depend on tissue-specificity rather than the “lipid-compartment”. BDE-209 was the predominant congener (82.5%– 94.7% of PPBDEs) in all chicken tissues except in brain (34.7% of PPBDEs), which indicated that deca-BDE (the major commercial PBDE formulation comprising 65%–70% of total production) was major pollution source in this area and could be bioaccumulated in terrestrial animals. The dietary PBDEs intake of the local residents from chicken muscle and egg, assuming only local bred chickens and eggs were consumed, ranged from 2.2 to 22.5 ng/(day kg body weight (bw)) with a mean value of 13.5 ng/(day kg bw), which was one order of magnitude higher than the value reported in previous studies for consumption of all foodstu s.     

简易垃圾填埋场综合治理方案

结合牛山简易垃圾填埋场综合治理工程,分别从简易填埋场的封场和防渗两方面进行了综合治理方案的研究。结果表明:以生活垃圾填埋场封场技术规程为指导,以垂直防渗帷幕作为防渗方案,在工程中切实可行,可以为简易填埋场的综合治理提供借鉴。     

剧毒卡尔藻对海洋生物毒性及机制的初步研究

剧毒卡尔藻(Karlodinium veneficum)是一种有毒甲藻,近年在我国沿海已经爆发过藻华,值得关注。本文研究了剧毒卡尔藻对不同粒径、不同营养级的几种海洋生物褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)、卤虫(Artemia salina)、黑褐新糠虾(Neomysis awatschensis)、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)存活及摄食的影响。研究发现:该藻对轮虫、卤虫存活影响较大,对黑褐新糠虾存活的影响较小,对中华哲水蚤存活几乎无影响。48 h,对轮虫的半数致死密度LC503400 cells/mL;96 h对卤虫的半数致死密度为LC504800 cells/mL;对黑褐新糠虾的半数致死密度为LC5089000 cells/mL;在89000 cells/mL的藻密度下,中华哲水蚤存活率约为80%。该藻不同组分对实验生物的影响是不同的,细胞破碎液对轮虫、黑褐新糠虾的影响最大;细胞外液对卤虫的影响最大。该藻对生物的摄食影响则发现,24 h内,轮虫、卤虫、中华哲水蚤均摄食该藻,且3种生物的摄食率随着藻密度增高而增加。可见,剧毒卡尔藻对不同生物的影响不同,其现场藻密度一般可达到104cells/mL,对轮虫、卤虫存活影响很大;该藻对生物有不同的致毒机制和致毒途径。结果表明:该藻藻华爆发,可能会对浮游生态系统产生较大影响;研究有害藻对不同粒径、不同营养级生物的影响,才可以更全面的反映出它对生态系统的危害。     

枣庄市大气颗粒物扫描电镜分析和来源识别

应用扫描电镜-X射线能谱对枣庄市大气颗粒物进行定性分析,得出如下结论：（1）枣庄市大气颗粒物中含有燃煤颗粒、土壤颗粒、水泥颗粒、汽车尾气颗粒、石膏颗粒、植物残体颗粒和未知颗粒;（2）依据颗粒粒数百分比统计结果。得出枣庄市大气颗粒物以水泥颗粒、土壤颗粒和燃煤颗粒为主,汽车尾气颗粒和其它颗粒含量很少;（3）对枣庄市大气颗粒物平均粒径进行统计,得出枣庄市大气颗粒物平均粒径集中分布在2．5μm～20岬范围内,其粒数百分比在80％以上。