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101.
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103.
Pradeep Jain Timothy G. Townsend Patrick Johnson 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(1):109-116
A landfill reclamation project was considered to recover landfill airspace and soil, reduce future groundwater impacts by removing the waste buried in the unlined area, and optimize airspace use at the site. A phased approach was utilized to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of the reclamation project; based on the results of these evaluations, approximately 6.8 ha of the unlined cells were reclaimed. Approximately 371,000 in-place cubic meters of waste was mined from 6.8 ha in this project. Approximately 230,600 cubic meters of net airspace was recovered due to beneficial use of the recovered final cover soil and reclaimed soil as intermediate and daily cover soil, respectively, for the current landfill operations. This paper presents the researchers’ landfill reclamation project experience, including a summary of activities pertaining to reclamation operations, an estimation of reclamation rates achieved during the project, project costs and benefits, and estimated composition of the reclaimed materials. 相似文献
104.
Environmental and Ecological Statistics - 相似文献
105.
Summary Play behavior of young ponies accounted for two-thirds of total running exercise and over 95% of all high-speed turns in ten animals from birth to age six weeks. The classical supposition, never previously demonstrated, that most exercise of young mammals occurs in play, is confirmed in these subjects. 相似文献
106.
Anne Marie Power Karen McCrann David McGrath Ruth M. O’ Riordan Christina Simkanin Alan A. Myers 《Marine Biology》2011,158(10):2149-2160
This study examined how the species composition of an intertidal barnacle guild varied according to physical gradients in
the environment at small scales governed by microclimates, medium scales of wave exposure and large scales of latitude. Barnacle
distributions at small and medium scales were sampled in Ireland between 51°29′ and 52°44′N and 6°50′ and 10°08′W. Sampling
on European shores spanned ~18° latitude from 37°05′ to 55°16′N. Barnacle surveys mainly took place in 2003–2004. An index
of wave fetch was calculated along the wave exposure gradient using a digital coastline-based model that was supported by
a biological exposure scale. A ‘dryness’ index was defined according to mean monthly wind speed, fetch along the average wind
direction and mean monthly air or sea surface temperatures for 2 years (January 2001–December 2002) which is the period when
the most recent adults in the barnacle community would have settled and grown to adulthood. The proportion of the dry-loving
barnacle Chthamalus montagui Southward increased within the barnacle guild at all scales as the habitat became warmer and drier. Barnacle densities were
high in all habitats, mean densities ranged from a minimum of 4.16 cm−2 on moderately exposed shores to a maximum of 6.27 cm−2 in sunlit or south-facing microclimates. Percentage cover of barnacles across the gradient of latitudes was usually >70%.
The results suggest that the distribution and abundance of interacting barnacle species on European coasts is strongly controlled
by abiotic factors, most likely temperature and desiccation. 相似文献
107.
Michelle T. Schärer Michael I. Nemeth Timothy J. Rowell Richard S. Appeldoorn 《Marine Biology》2014,161(1):141-147
Passive acoustic and synchronous video recordings were made at two spawning aggregation sites to study the sounds associated with reproductive behaviors of Mycteroperca bonaci. A characteristic sound was produced during courtship displays involving behaviors commonly observed for groupers of this genus at aggregations. The sound has a short pulsing section followed by a longer tonal portion with a mean peak frequency below 100 Hz. Courtship-associated sounds were quantified over one spawning season at Mona Island, Puerto Rico. Most of the daily sound production occurred during a period of 2 h prior to sunset. The highest rates of sound production lasted for a period of 10 days with lunar periodicity over three consecutive months coincident with the reported season of reproduction. Passive acoustics provide a tool to measure the variability of the reproductive activity of M. bonaci over time and may provide a method to evaluate current strategies designed to protect multi-species spawning aggregations that are critical for the recovery of threatened groupers. 相似文献
108.
H. F. Frolander C. B. Miller M. J. Flynn S. C. Myers S. T. Zimmerman 《Marine Biology》1973,21(4):277-288
109.
Timothy N. McPherson Steven J. Burian Michael K. Stenstrom H.J. Turin Michael J. Brown I.H. Suffet 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2005,41(4):959-969
Effective watershed management requires an accurate assessment of the pollutant loads from the associated point and nonpoint sources. The importance of wet weather flow (WWF) pollutant loads is well known, but in semi‐arid regions where urbanization is significant the pollutant load in dry weather flow (DWF) may also be important. This research compares the relative contributions of potential contaminants discharged in DWF and WWF from the Ballona Creek Watershed in Los Angeles, California. Models to predict DWF and WWF loads of total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate‐nitrogen, nitrite‐nitrogen, ammonia‐nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and total phosphorus from the Ballona Creek Watershed for six water years dating from 1991 to 1996 were developed. The contaminants studied were selected based on data availability and their potential importance in the degradation of Ballona Creek and Santa Monica Bay beneficial uses. Wet weather flow was found to contribute approximately 75 percent to 90 percent of the total annual flow volume discharged by the Ballona Creek Watershed. Pollutant loads are also predominantly due to WWF, but during the dry season, DWF is a more significant contributor. Wet weather flow accounts for 67 to 98 percent of the annual load of the constituents studied. During the dry season, however, the portion attributable to DWF increases to greater than 40 percent for all constituents except biochemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids. When individual catchments within the watershed are considered, the DWF pollutant load from the largest catchment is similar to the WWF pollutant load in two other major catchments. This research indicates WWF is the most significant source of nonpoint source pollution load on an annual basis, but management of the effects of the nonpoint source pollutant load should consider the seasonal importance of DWF. 相似文献
110.
Nicholas E. Curtis Sidney K. Pierce Steven E. Massey Julie A. Schwartz Timothy K. Maugel 《Marine Biology》2007,150(5):797-806
The adult, sacoglossan sea slug, Elysia clarki (Pierce et al. in Molluscan Res 26, 2006), sequesters functional chloroplasts in cells of the digestive diverticula from four species of macroalgae in the order Bryopsidales
(Penicillus capitatus, Penicillus lamourouxii, Halimeda incrassata, and Halimeda monile). Feeding experiments were conducted in December, 2003, using individuals raised in the laboratory from egg masses laid by
E. clarki adults which had been collected from Grassy Key, Florida, USA, and 29 species of macroalgae collected from the Florida Keys,
Tampa Bay, Tarpon Springs, Florida, or Woods Hole, Massachusetts or obtained from the Culture Collection of Algae at the University
of Texas at Austin, Texas. For the first 14-day post-metamorphosis, juveniles ate only the thin filamentous species, Bryopsis plumosa or Derbesia tenuissima. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the chloroplasts from both algae were sequestered intracellularly in juvenile
slugs. Individuals offered any other macroalga, including the four species fed on by adults, did not feed on or incorporate
any chloroplasts, and soon died. Juveniles switched from B. plumosa to P. capitatus at a length of ∼ 1.0 cm, and fixed for microscopy 14 days later had intact intracellular chloroplasts from both algae. Nucleotide
sequences of the chloroplast gene, rbcL, from DNA extracted from E. clarki, collected from Vaca Key, Florida, were aligned with 22 other available macroalgal rbcL sequences indicating that these E. clarki adults had fed on three species of algae in the Bryopsidales including Bryopsis pennata, and TEM results partially confirmed this conclusion. 相似文献