Ionic liquid-containing semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water

Ionic liquid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (IL-SPMDs) were developed to monitor the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water. Uptake kinetics of naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene by layflat low-density polyethylene tubing (15 cm x 2 cm) filled with 0.5 ml 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid were studied in a laboratory continuous-flow system for the duration of 16 days. The device concentration factors were in the range of 830-7800 for the studied PAHs. The kinetic parameters of IL/water partition coefficients, analytes uptake rate constants and sampling rates were estimated using mathematical models. These parameters were used in the field experiment to estimate the concentrations of the PAHs in Lanzhou section of Yellow River in China, with the result in comparison with that obtained by triolein-SPMD.     

高浓度焦化废水湿式氧化铜系催化剂的研制

通过共沉淀法制备了铜系催化剂 ,用于催化湿式氧化处理高浓度焦化废水。结果表明 ,铜氧化物催化剂的催化活性明显优于其他过渡金属氧化物 ;优化催化剂的设计和制备方法 ,可有效地改善Cu2 +的溶出问题 ,使该类催化剂具有广阔的应用前景     

3种不同基质潜流湿地对磷的去除效果

基质是潜流式人工湿地污水处理系统的重要组成部分，直接影响到系统的处理效果。本文研究了由沸石、页岩陶粒和碎石3种不同基质构建的潜流式人工湿地对磷的去除效果。结果表明，在设计水力停留时间3d，连续进出水情况下，碎石单元对磷的去除效果最好，页岩陶粒单元次之，沸石单元效果最差，平均去除率分别为95％、60％和35％。在潜流式人工湿地污水处理系统运行初期观察到磷释放现象，沸石单元最为明显。进水磷浓度较低时，磷的去除率随浓度升高而升高，当正磷、总磷浓度分别升高到2．4—2．5和3．1～3．3mg／L时，正磷、总磷的去除率开始迅速下降。     

黄磷废水处理技术

黄磷废水成分复杂,含P4、F-和CN-等多种有毒有害物质,污染严重,须经过处理达标后方可排放.目前国内黄磷废水处理通常采用物化法,其又可分为沉淀氧化法和闭路循环法.分别就这2种技术方法的处理过程及优缺点进行了探讨,并对其存在问题的解决提供了思路.     

Determination of the residue dynamics and dietary risk of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin in citrus and soil by LC-MS/MS

A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method was developed for the determination of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin in citrus (including the whole citrus, peel and pulp) and soil samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile and purified with octadecylsilane. The detection limits of both compounds were 0.0001–0.0002?mg kg^–1, while the limit of quantification of thiamethoxam was 0.002?mg kg^–1 and the limit of quantitation of metabolites was 0.001?mg kg^–1. The recovery was 70.37%–109.76%, with inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD) (n?=?15) values ≤9.46% for the two compounds in the four matrices. The degradation curve of thiamethoxam in whole citrus and soil was plotted using the first-order kinetic model. The half-life of the whole citrus was 1.9–6.2?days, and the half-life of the soil was 3.9–4.2?days. The terminal residue of thiamethoxam (the sum of thiamethoxam and clothianidin, expressed as thiamethoxam) was found to be concentrated on the peel. The final residual amount of thiamethoxam in the edible portion (pulp) was less than 0.061?mg kg^–1. The risk quotient values were all below 1, indicating that thiamethoxam as a citrus insecticide does not pose a health risk to humans at the recommended dosage.     

Airborne foliar transfer of particular metals in Lactuca sativa L.: translocation,phytotoxicity, and bioaccessibility

The uptake, translocation, and human bioaccessibility of metals originating from atmospheric fine particulate matters (PM) after foliar exposure is not well understood. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants were exposed to micronic PbO, CuO, and CdO particulate matters (PMs) by the foliar pathway and mature plants (6 weeks old) were analyzed in terms of: (1) metal accumulation and localization on plant leaf surface, and metal translocation factor (TF) and global enrichment factor (GEF) in the plants; (2) shoot growth, plant dry weight (DW), net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and fatty acid ratio; (3) metal bioaccessibility in the plants and soil; and (4) the hazard quotient (HQ) associated with consumption of contaminated plants. Substantial levels of metals were observed in the directly exposed edible leaves and newly formed leaves of lettuce, highlighting both the possible metal transfers throughout the plant and the potential for human exposure after plant ingestion. No significant changes were observed in plant biomass after exposure to PbO, CuO, and CdO-PMs. The Gs and fatty acid ratio were increased in leaves after metal exposure. A dilution effect after foliar uptake was suggested which could alleviate metal phytotoxicity to some degree. However, plant shoot growth and Pn were inhibited when the plants are exposed to PbO, and necrosis enriched with Cd was observed on the leaf surface. Gastric bioaccessibility of plant leaves is ranked: Cd?>?Cu?>?Pb. Our results highlight a serious health risk of PbO, CuO, and CdO-PMs associated with consumption of vegetables exposed to these metals, even in newly formed leaves in the case of PbO and CdO exposure. Finally, the study highlights the fate and toxicity of metal rich-PMs, especially in the highly populated urban areas which are increasingly cultivated to promote local food.

     

Control of NOx emissions by air staging in small- and medium-scale biomass pellet boilers

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The effect of air staging strategies on NOx control was investigated on a 210-kW small-scale biomass boiler (SBB) and a 1.4-MW medium-scale biomass...     

γAl2O3负载金属氧化物热催化分解沙林毒剂模拟剂

为了考察负载型金属氧化物催化剂对毒剂的热催化分解性能,以γ-Al2O3为载体,金属氧化物(Mn、Ni、Fe、Co、Cu和Ce)为活性组分,采用等体积浸渍法制备了负载型金属氧化物催化剂,对沙林毒剂模拟剂——甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)进行了热催化分解评价实验,分别研究了不同反应温度、空速条件下热催化分解性能的变化规律。结果表明,在几种负载型金属氧化物催化剂中,CuO/γ-Al2O3表现出了最佳的防护性能。通过调控CuO负载量(1%~20%),发现5% CuO/γ-Al2O3具有较高的分散度和比表面积,热催化分解性能最好。磷物种的沉积造成催化剂比表面积的降低和晶体结构的破坏,是催化剂活性下降的主要原因。     

环境材料及其评价方法

本文综述了环境材料的实质、特点及其与传统材料在主要内涵、研究重点、评价指标体系和材料选择原则的差异 ,并介绍了环境材料的评价体系与方法和设计原则     

Fe掺杂Mn-Ce/AC催化剂的制备及其低温脱硝

以活性炭为载体,采用浸渍法制备了一系列Fe掺杂Mn-Ce/AC催化剂,研究了Fe的添加量、焙烧温度对催化剂低温脱硝活性的影响;采用了XRD、SEM和N2吸附-脱附技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,Fe的添加能有效提高Mn-Ce/AC的低温脱硝活性,当Fe的添加量为Fe/Mn（摩尔比）为0.1时,催化剂比表面积大,活性组分的分散程度较高,催化剂低温脱硝性能最优,添加量大于0.1时,更多的Fe沉积在载体表面,催化剂活性降低。焙烧温度影响负载氧化物的价态和晶体的分散度,在400℃温度下焙烧时,催化剂低温脱硝性能最佳,此时催化剂孔隙结构较优,活性组分的分散程度也较高。