排序方式: 共有222条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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环境风险预警评估方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
有毒有害物质发生突发性事故时将造成环境危害,使人体健康受到影响,严重时机毁人亡。本文通过对有毒有害污染源分析,事故频率分析,后果分析,风险预警估算及防范措施与应急计划的分析从环境风险与人体健康的角度上论述了在有毒有害物质作业场所预警技术问题。 相似文献
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Patrick Linke Author Vitae Antonis Kokossis Author Vitae 《Advances in Environmental Research》2004,8(2):229-245
The paper presents a generic process synthesis and optimisation tool suitable to take up applications in the design of waste treatment systems and in pollution prevention. The main component of the technology is a generalized process synthesis representation for simultaneous consideration of reaction and separation in multiphase systems that is amenable for stochastic optimisation. The flexibility of the representation allows applications to overall process synthesis problems as well as to decomposed reactor, reactive separation and mass exchange network design problems. Applications of the synthesis framework to waste water treatments processes using activated sludge and to natural gas sweetening in hybrid membrane-adsorption processes are presented. The paper highlights the use of the systematic technology in environmental systems design and shows how novel designs of improved performance as well as optimal design knowledge can be revealed using the systematic design framework. Context abstract: Environmental process systems for waste treatment and pollution prevention become increasingly complicated to design. There is a strong need for technology that provides systematic decision support to the process synthesis team in order to enable the timely selection of processes that operate close to the performance limits of the system under consideration. Conventional, optimisation-based process design technology is severely limited by the number of design decisions they can support simultaneously as well as by the increasingly complex process models required for the meaningful mathematical representation of environmental process systems. We have devised an optimisation-based process design methodology for integrated reaction and separation systems that overcomes major limitations of existing tools. This paper illustrates the use of this technology to provide systematic decision-support to the environmental process systems designer. 相似文献
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肇庆星湖水质模型研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
根据星湖水污染特点,建立包括NH^_4-N,NO^-2-N,NO^-3-N,CBOD,DO的多元耦合氧平衡模型,P平衡模拟以及Chla-P关系统计模型。模型中的参数采用实验法,经验公式法以及利用实测资料率定等方法,经实测资料验证,模型精度达到基本要求,可用于星湖水质管理实际工作。 相似文献
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Zhixi Zhu Hongtao Bai He Xu Tan ZhuAuthor vitae 《Environmental Impact Assessment Review》2011,31(6):538-548
Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) inherently needs to address greater levels of uncertainty in the formulation and implementation processes of strategic decisions, compared with project environmental impact assessment. The range of uncertainties includes internal and external factors of the complex system that is concerned in the strategy. Scenario analysis is increasingly being used to cope with uncertainty in SEA. Following a brief introduction of scenarios and scenario analysis, this paper examines the rationale for scenario analysis in SEA in the context of China. The state of the art associated with scenario analysis applied to SEA in China was reviewed through four SEA case analyses. Lessons learned from these cases indicated the word “scenario” appears to be abused and the scenario-based methods appear to be misused due to the lack of understanding of an uncertain future and scenario analysis. However, good experiences were also drawn on, regarding how to integrate scenario analysis into the SEA process in China, how to cope with driving forces including uncertainties, how to combine qualitative scenario storylines with quantitative impact predictions, and how to conduct assessments and propose recommendations based on scenarios. Additionally, the ways to improve the application of this tool in SEA were suggested. We concluded by calling for further methodological research on this issue and more practices. 相似文献
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城市生态系统能值分析(EMA)的原理与步骤 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
将城市自然-经济-社会复合生态系统作为研究对象,介绍能值分析方法在城市生态学动态研究和定量研究中的应用原理与步骤,为人们客观评价自然环境对城市发展的贡献提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Bart Hammig Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2009,40(5):371-375
Context: To examine injuries among patients treated in an emergency department (ED) related to the use of a riding lawn mower.Design and Setting: Data were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for the years 2002-2007. National estimates of ED visits for injuries associated with the use of a riding lawn mower were analyzed. Narrative text entries were categorized to provide a detailed record of the circumstances precipitating the injury. Average annual rates were calculated and logistic regression analyses were employed to determine risk estimates for patient disposition and demographic characteristics related to ED visits for injuries associated with riding mowers.Results: From 2002 through 2007, there were an estimated 66,341 ED visits for injuries related to the use of riding lawnmowers in the U.S., with an average annual rate of 6.0 ED visits per 100,000 males, and 1.6 ED visits per 100,000 females. Older adults had higher rates of ED visits for injuries (7.2/100,000) than younger age groups. The most common injuries involved contusions (24%); sprains/strains (22%) and fractures (17%). The majority of patients (90%) were treated and released the same day. Results of logistic regression analyses revealed that older adults were more likely to be hospitalized when compared to younger age groups; and incidents involving rollovers [OR = 5.45 (95% CI = 3.22-9.23)] and being run over [6.01 (95% CI 3.23-11.17)] were more likely to result in hospitalization when compared to all other circumstances of injury.Conclusions: Riding mowers present injury patterns and circumstances that are different than those reported for push mowers. Circumstances related to injuries and age groups affected were varied, making prevention of riding mower injuries challenging. Application/Impact: Findings support the need to increase awareness and/or change the design of riding mowers with respect to risk of rollover injuries. 相似文献
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Saffet Erdogan Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2009,40(5):341-351