建筑拆除垃圾应用于水泥混合材的试验研究

选用赣州地区20世纪90年代建成的现已达到拆除期限的建筑物的废弃混凝土和废弃粘土砖,分析了其化学组分和矿物组分,然后通过不同建筑垃圾掺量混合材试验、活性激发试验以及复合混合材试验。结果表明,掺适量建筑垃圾可有效提高水泥的早期强度;添加Ca O能够激发废弃混凝土活性,可达81%,可提高废弃粘土砖活性39.58%;废弃混凝土和废弃粘土砖相互抑制了彼此活性,不宜混合回用。建议建筑垃圾必须分类和活性激发,有利于提高建筑垃圾水泥的强度。     

污水处理厂CAST工艺的调试及运行

概述了南京仙林污水处理厂活性污泥的培养以及调试运行,重点介绍了仙林污水处理厂的基本情况以及CAST工艺的调试运行状况,最后得出一些个人的调试经验以及观点.     

二苯甲酮对斑点叉尾鮰鱼卵巢细胞生长的影响

试验通过直接、间接两种染毒手段来探讨二苯甲酮(benzophenone)对斑点叉尾鮰鱼卵巢细胞(CCO)生长的影响,以MTT法为手段测定染毒前后CCO细胞的存活数量和各阶段的生长状态,结果发现:当二苯甲酮以1～10μg/mL的浓度直接作用于CCO细胞时,CCO细胞生长在不同阶段均受到抑制作用:在指数增长期细胞生长速率减小,稳定期的存活量约为正常条件下的72%～91%,并且随着二苯甲酮浓度的增大,对CCO生长的抑制效应也相应的加剧;但是1μg/mL浓度的二苯甲酮在经过斑点叉尾鮰鱼原代肝细胞代谢后间接作用时,其代谢产物对CCO的生长在各阶段又呈现明显的促进作用,稳定期细胞数量约为正常条件下的109%。     

不同固体碳源类型对反硝化实验的效果研究

以不同碳源(PBS、PHB和陈米)条件下的反应器为研究对象,投加PBS和PHB后,系统对NH3-N的去除效果明显,去除率分别为PBS-14.29%~96.55%和PHB-57.89%~96.55%,而投加陈米后,出水NH3-N浓度比原水有所增加,均小于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)一级A标准。投加PBS和PHB的TN去除效果不佳,去除率分别为-35.49%~69.42%和-26.12%~64.64%,而投加陈米后对TN的去除效果显著,TN去除率为33.43%~93.37%。结果表明,采用陈米作为低C/N污水生物处理中反硝化的碳源是可行的。     

Specimen‐Based Modeling,Stopping Rules,and the Extinction of the Ivory‐Billed Woodpecker

Abstract: Assessing species survival status is an essential component of conservation programs. We devised a new statistical method for estimating the probability of species persistence from the temporal sequence of collection dates of museum specimens. To complement this approach, we developed quantitative stopping rules for terminating the search for missing or allegedly extinct species. These stopping rules are based on survey data for counts of co‐occurring species that are encountered in the search for a target species. We illustrate both these methods with a case study of the Ivory‐billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis), long assumed to have become extinct in the United States in the 1950s, but reportedly rediscovered in 2004. We analyzed the temporal pattern of the collection dates of 239 geo‐referenced museum specimens collected throughout the southeastern United States from 1853 to 1932 and estimated the probability of persistence in 2011 as <6.4 × 10^?5, with a probable extinction date no later than 1980. From an analysis of avian census data (counts of individuals) at 4 sites where searches for the woodpecker were conducted since 2004, we estimated that at most 1–3 undetected species may remain in 3 sites (one each in Louisiana, Mississippi, Florida). At a fourth site on the Congaree River (South Carolina), no singletons (species represented by one observation) remained after 15,500 counts of individual birds, indicating that the number of species already recorded (56) is unlikely to increase with additional survey effort. Collectively, these results suggest there is virtually no chance the Ivory‐billed Woodpecker is currently extant within its historical range in the southeastern United States. The results also suggest conservation resources devoted to its rediscovery and recovery could be better allocated to other species. The methods we describe for estimating species extinction dates and the probability of persistence are generally applicable to other species for which sufficient museum collections and field census results are available.     

毛乌素沙地臭柏群落地下水位的变化

为了探讨毛乌素沙地臭柏群落地下水位的变化规律,在臭柏固定、半固定沙地的丘间低地设置地下水位自动记录仪,1h记录1次,连续观测1年多。结果表明:①根据地下水位的变化,把1年分成地下水缓慢上升期(A)、地下水快速变化期(B)、地下水缓慢变化期(C)3个时期;②地下水位在B期出现有规律的日变化,地下水位早晨最高,然后逐渐下降,到晚上达到最低值后,又开始上升,直到次日早晨达到最高值,完成1日的循环周期。在臭柏的非生长季节(A期、C期),地下水位的日变化规律不明显;③地下水位的日变化规律出现时的临界日平均气温为10.8℃,据此,可预测臭柏生理活动的开始与休眠,进而可指导臭柏造林实践。此外,还讨论了气温、降水及臭柏灌丛变化与地下水位的关系。     

Degradation of dyestuff wastewater using visible light in the presence of a novel nano TiO2 catalyst doped with upconversion luminescence agent

IntroductionEvery year ,the dyeing processes and dye productionbring large amounts of wastewaters containing highconcentration poisonous organic compounds ( Neppolian,2002 ; An, 2002) . If not being treated properly andbetimes , the wastewaters will serio…     

珠江三角洲农业土壤重金属含量特征研究

调查研究了珠江三角洲农业土壤中重金属的分布规律,在研究区域采集了212个表层土壤样品,分析了其中8种重金属元素(Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Ni,Cd,As和Hg)的全量与有效态含量.结果表明:在珠江三角洲农业土壤中,8种重金属元素的含量均有超标现象,其中以Zn,Cd和Hg的超标率较高;在所有重金属元素中,Cd的有效态占全量的比率最高,平均为45.58%;而Hg所占的比率最低,平均仅为0.41%.重金属的有效态含量与全量存在正相关关系.交通、污水灌溉、工业污染、垃圾和城市污泥是造成珠江三角洲土壤重金属污染的主要原因.      

浸没式厌氧膜生物法处理垃圾渗沥液试验研究

采用浸没式厌氧膜生物反应器(SAnMBR)处理垃圾渗沥液,结果表明:在水力停留时间为1.6~4d和容积负荷为1.3~5.7kgCOD/m3.d的条件下,COD的去除率为65%~84.2%,COD的去除率随水力停留时间的延长而增加,膜良好的截留作用提高了处理效果的稳定性;甲烷产量随容积负荷的增加呈线性地增加;膜比通量衰减迅速,膜水力清洗频繁;膜清洗时间间隔随水力停留时间的减小呈线性地减小。