唐海县咸(海)水入侵调查与防治方法探讨

随着高耗水农业的快速发展,城镇人口的急剧增加,加上持续的干旱,唐海县地下水长期处于超采状态,引起上覆咸水侵染地下淡水。分析1989—1998与2008年深层地下水氯离子浓度变化、1981—2007年咸水顶板埋深变化以及全县工农业布局,将唐海县划分为咸(海)水入侵的高度敏感区、较敏感区、一般敏感区和不敏感区,并进一步提出遏制咸(海)水入侵的措施。     

Effects of nitrate concentration on biological hydrogen production by mixed cultures

The effects of nitrate on fermentative hydrogen production and soluble metabolites from mixed cultures were investigated by varying nitrate concentrations from 0 to 10 g N/L at 35°C with an initial pH of 7.0. The results showed that the substrate degradation rate, hydrogen production potential, hydrogen yield, and average hydrogen production rate initially increased with increasing nitrate concentrations from 0 to 0.1 g N/L, while they decreased with increasing nitrate concentrations from 0.1 to 10 g N/L. The maximum hydrogen production potential of 305.0 mL, maximum hydrogen yield of 313.1 mL/g glucose, and maximum average hydrogen production rate of 13.3 mL/h were obtained at a nitrate concentration of 0.1 g N/L. The soluble metabolites produced by the mixed cultures contained only ethanol and acetic acid (HAc) without propionic acid (HPr) and butyric acid (HBu). This study used the Modified Logistic model to describe the progress of cumulative hydrogen production in batch tests. A concise model was proposed to describe the effects of nitrate concentration on average hydrogen production rate.     

工艺安全管理系统的核心要素——工艺危害分析

介绍了国际上对工艺危害分析的有关规定,总结了工艺危害分析的方法及应用,重点介绍了工艺危害分析中HAZOP方法的应用,列举了工艺危害分析实例,为做好工艺危害分析与控制工作提供借鉴。     

AHP-FUZZY综合评价法在确定清洁生产审核重点中的应用研究——以武汉市某电源公司为例

清洁生产审核是将清洁生产理念转变为企业层次上操作的具体程序,在进行审核时首要步骤是确定审核重点。现阶段确定审核重点主要运用权重总和计分排序法,该方法易受审核者主观影响,审核质量不易控制。AHP-Fuzzy综合评价法作为一种系统分析方法很好地弥补了权重总和计分排序法的不足,在系统工程的很多领域都有广泛应用。通过确定银泰电源公司清洁生产审核重点,建立七工段层次模型:确立目标,明确问题;建立系统的层次结构;构造判断矩阵;进行层次的单排序及一致性检验;进行层次总排序一致性检验;根据排序结果,提出决策建议,验证了该综合评价法在清洁生产审核应用中的科学性、可行性和准确性,能将比较复杂、不够确定的多因素问题转化为有数字依据的简单易行的评价模式,为企业清洁生产的定量考核和指标化管理提供了一个科学的评价方法。     

衡阳近五十年暴雨气候特征和变化规律分析

利用统计分析、Morlet小波分析和墨西哥帽小波诊断方法,对近50n衡阳暴雨的时空变化进行分析,得到其变化规律和周期震荡的突变点,结果表明:衡阳暴雨分布不均,其中南、北部偏多,中部偏少,平均暴雨数为3.0次/n;≥100mm暴雨占暴雨总数的11.0%,特大暴雨较少出现;衡阳局地性暴雨占23.6%,主要以区域性和全市性暴...     

超声及N掺杂对TiO2光催化降解甲基橙活性的影响

在超声条件下采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了N掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂,以甲基橙的光催化降解评价其光催化活性.运用XRD、透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见漫反射光谱等技术对试样的粒径、晶体结构及光学性能进行了表征.实验结果表明:超声能明显减小TiO2颗粒的粒径,提高颗粒分散度,提高TiO2在紫外光下的光催化剂活性;超声对N的掺杂产生了促进作用,使N掺杂纳米TiO2对可见光的吸收能力显著增强,在可见光下的光催化降解速率提高23％.     

Influences of charcoal and bamboo charcoal amendment on soil-fluoride fractions and bioaccumulation of fluoride in tea plants

High levels of fluoride in tea plants pose a potential health risk to humans who drink tea. It has been demonstrated that tea plant fluoride is closely related to the available fluoride in soil. But approaches that could be used to regulate the availability of fluoride in soil have been rarely seen. This study aims to investigate how the addition of charcoal and bamboo charcoal affected soil fluoride availability and bioaccumulation of fluoride in tea plants. In a microcosm experiment, tea plants were grown in the tea garden soil mixed with different amounts of charcoal and bamboo charcoal [that is, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0?% (w/w)]. Soil-fluoride fractions and fluoride accumulated in tea plants were determined using the sequential extraction and ion selective electrode method. Obtained results showed that both charcoal and bamboo charcoal additions significantly enhanced the concentrations of Fe/Mn oxide-bound fluoride, but significantly reduced the concentrations of water-soluble and exchangeable fluoride (p?相似文献   

佳乐麝香对萝卜种子发芽及DNA损伤的生态毒理影响

由于佳乐麝香(HHCB)被广泛应用于日用化工产品中,被持续不断地释放到环境中,所产生的生态风险已引起越来越多的重视。为探究HHCB的生态毒性效应,在水培条件下考察了不同浓度HHCB对萝卜的表观生长指标(发芽率、根伸长抑制率、芽伸长抑制率)和基于随机引物扩增多态性(RAPD)图谱的根尖DNA损伤状况。研究结果显示:低剂量(≤25 mg·L~(-1))胁迫对萝卜发芽无显著影响(P0.05);高剂量(≥50 mg·L~(-1))胁迫可以显著抑制萝卜发芽率(P0.05)。萝卜的根长和芽长抑制率随HHCB浓度增加而呈上升趋势,且根伸长对HHCB胁迫较芽伸长更敏感,更适宜指示HHCB对植物的生态毒性效应。萝卜根尖基因组DNA的RAPD分析结果表明:大于或等于5 mg·L~(-1)的HHCB即可明显导致萝卜根尖基因组DNA损伤,且随着HHCB浓度的升高,根尖基因组DNA含量呈线性降低,DNA多态率增加,基因组模板稳定性(GTS)减小,遗传相似性变远。这表明较低剂量的HHCB胁迫就能够导致萝卜根尖基因组DNA损伤,且随浓度升高而损伤严重。因此,利用RAPD技术获得的萝卜DNA多态性变化可作为检测HHCB遗传毒性效应的敏感生物标记物,为化学品污染生态毒理早期诊断提供科学依据。     

豫北平原近25年来生态服务价值研究

运用3S技术,分析和探讨了豫北平原的内黄县1979—2003年的生态系统服务价值变化. 土地利用变化直接影响生态服务价值,该区25年间的生态系统服务价值变化显著,呈增长趋势.耕地和林地生态系统服务功能约占总服务价值的80%～90%. 结果表明:25年来内黄县研究区域的生态环境质量呈不断上升的态势,生态系统服务价值增加逾2.6×108元. 研究区内的林地、园地面积不断增加,增加的面积部分主要源自未利用地,而另一部分则是由耕地转变而来. 这一方面反映了人口增长和经济建设需求对生态环境变化的积极影响,另一方面也反映了研究区人民和相关部门重视生态环境,环保意识增强.      

Analysis of Coupling between Soil and Water Conservation and Economic-social Development

Abstract

The coupling relation exists in water and soil conservation and economic-social development. The article analyses the relation of soil and water conservation and economic-social development stages as well as the coupling analytical method. Then calculates the expecting income by dispersing Markov decision and calculates the correlation coefficient and the relationship degree. The article obtains the relationship of soil and water conservation investments and all kinds of incomes. Finally, it analyzes the important meaning in socio-economic development of water and soil conservation.