加热方式对垃圾热解过程中HCl析出特性影响的实验研究

在自行设计的小型外热式固定床试验台上，以垃圾中广泛存在的PVC为原料，通过改变加热方式、热解终温等参数。重点研究了快，慢两种加热方式下垃圾热解过程中HCl的析出特性，并从理论上进行了初步探讨。     

事故出流时河流综合水质的计算机预测方法研究

河流上游的污水排放口或倒虹管等污水构筑因有可能发生事故出流而对下游的取水口存在着潜在的威胁，常规的单参数模型不能就事故出流对下游的影响作出公正评价。本文以QUAL－Ⅱ模型为骨架，以生动形象的动画形式演示出在整个排污过程中多个水质参数沿河道分布的变化全过程，并且，在模型中融入隶属度BP神经网络综合评价水质的模块，用它来对发生事故出流时下游取水口水域的水质变化进行综合评价，最后通过一个例子说明了该方法的优越性和合理性。     

显像管玻壳铅尘污染特性的研究

以石家庄市显像管玻壳厂排放的铅尘为研究对象，通过在该玻壳厂周围土壤布点采样，较系统地研究了铅尘在大气和周围土壤中的迁移和转化规律，研究表明，用高斯模式能成功地预测铅尘在大气中的迁移扩散规律，玻壳厂周围土壤表层铅含量较大值出现在当地年主导风向（SSE，N）下风向，铅在土壤中的分布主要集中在0－20cm的耕作层，在20－40cm深度范围内，铅含量呈下降趋势，最大降幅达50％。     

云南白秧坪多金属成矿区构造特征及其控矿作用

通过区域地质构造、矿区构造特征分析 ,论述了云南白秧坪多金属成矿区东矿带、西矿带的主要地质构造特征及其构造控矿作用 ,并探讨了区域构造导矿与成矿及其对成矿带的控制作用、小型褶皱及推覆构造对矿床的控制作用、次级断裂对矿体的控制作用、构造环境下岩石的屏蔽与容矿作用和构造环境中碳质来源及其成矿作用等问题     

Management of process performance at low water temperatures in respect of filamentous organisms

The management of sludge-settling properties in Nordic conditions is of importance during the low temperature (spring) season because of the peak settler load. A survey was made in 10 Finnish waste water treatment plants(WWTP‘ s) and the total extended filament length and DSVI in haft of the plants exceeded the limits, which indicates sludge bulking( 15 km/g SS and 150 ml/g respectively). The dominant organism was Microthrix parvicella, the abundance of which was 59.22% of total extended filament length on average.Chemicals were tested to control the filaments, and it was found that special attention has to be paid to maintaining the nitrification at low temperature. A dosage of(H2O2-besed) oxidants controlled the growth of Microthrix parvicella effectively and rapidly, whereas with the use of aluminium hydroxidechloride a 2 to 5-week period was needed to decrease the filament length.     

Emission control for precursors causing acid rain (V): Improvement of acid soil with the bio-briquette combustion ash

The bio-briquette technique which mixes coal, biomass and sulfur fixation agent and bio-briquettes under 3-5 t/cm^2 line pressure has aroused people‘s attention in view of controlling the air pollution and the acid rain. In this paper, the physicochemical properties of bio-briquette and its ash were investigated. And the acid soil was improved by the bio-briquette combustion ash, which contained nutritive substances such as P, N, K and had the acid-neutralizing capacity(ANC). The pH, EC, effective nutrient elements(Ca, Mg, K, P and N), heavy metal elements(AI, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn and Mn) and acid-neutralizing capacity change of ash-added soils within the range of 0-10%, were also studied. Specially, when 5% bio-briquette combustion ash was added to the tested soil, the content of the effective elements such as Ca, Mg and K rose by 100 times, ? times and twice, respectively. The total nitrogen also increased by about twice. The results showed the oxyanions such as that of AI, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn and Mn were not potentially dangerous, because they were about the same as the averages of them in Chinese soil. It is shown that the ANC became stronger, though the ANC hardly increases in the ash-added soil. On the basis of the evaluation indices, it is concluded that the best mixture ratio is to add 2.5%--8% of the bio-briquette combustion ash to the tested soil.     

Scenario simulation of water security in China

Umited water resources, increasing demand, low use efficiency, and serious pollution result in severe water resource difficult in China. The evaluation of addressing water problems and the search for effective countermeasures that ensure sustainable water use are key to China‘ s sustainable development. The “compound water security“ consists of food security, life security, environmental security, and economic security. By establishing a conceptual model, the water security of China has been simulated in terms of four scenarios called BAU(the business-as-usual scenario), TEC(the technology and economics scenario), IVL(the institution, values, and lifestyles scenario) and TSD(toward sustainable development) in this paper. The results indicated that water crises, especially water shortages, are being experienced now and will continue to do so for a relatively long time in China and that it is possible to reach a basic balance between supply and demand of water and grain under the TSD developing pattern by a series of approaches including technological innovation, policy adjustments, and behaviour inducement.     

Kinetics of aniline oxidation with chlorine dioxide

For the first time, kinetics of aniline oxidation with chlorine dioxide(ClO2) were investigated systematically by detecting concentration of aniline with HPLC at regular intervals. Results showed that the reaction was first-order both in ClO2 and in aniline, and the oxidation reaction could be described as second-order reaction. Stoichiometric factor η was experimentally determined to be 2.44. The second-order-reaction rate constant k was 0.11L/(mol.s)under condition of pH 6.86 and water temperature(Tw) 287K. Reaction activation energy was 72.31 kJ/mol, indicating that the reaction could take place under usual water treatment conditions. The reaction rate constants in acidic and alkali media were greater than that in neutral medium. Chlorite ion could slightly increase reaction rate in acidic medium. p-aminophenol and azobenzene were detected by GC-MS as intermediates.     

Photodegradation mechanism of two dyes: the influence of adsorption behavior on the novel TiO2 particles

The relationship between adsorption behavior and photocatalytic mechanism of the two dyes was investigated. Adsorption isotherms showed that the adsorption of cationic pink FG was Langmuir type behavior, while the reactive brilliant red k-2G was Freundlich type behavior. The increasing pH favored the adsorption of FG but have little effect on the photodegradation. The increasing pH favored the adsorption and the photodegradation of k-2G. The presence of scavenger of hvb^ and OH. radical potassium iodide inhibited the degradation of k-2G, free radicals scavenger tetranitromethane inhibited the photodegradation of FG. These results indicated that the photodegradation of FG mainly via free radicals in solution, and the photodegradation of k-2G was mainly on the catalysts surface or near the interface of solid and solution by react with hvb^ and surface-bound OH.. The different effect of SO4^2- , HCO3^- on the adsorption and photodegradation of two dyes confirmed these results.     

Heavy metals pollution in poultry and livestock feeds and manures under intensive farming in Jiangsu Province, China

The heavy metals pollution in poultry and livestock feeds and manures under intensive farming in Jiangsu Province was investigated. 97 feed and manure samples were sampled from 31 farming plants in 10 major cities of Jiangsu. 14 metals, including Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Mo, Mn, Ba, Co, Sr, Ti, As and Hg, were analyzed after samples acid digestion. The results showed that the most feed samples contained high concentration of metals exceeding National Hygienical Standard for Feeds. Meanwhile, it was found that Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations in animal manures were also high, for example, Cu concentration in a manure sample reached to as much as 1726.3 mg/kg. Heavy metals loading quantities in soil per year were then calculated when metals contaminated organic fertilizers were applied, and its effects on soil environmental qualitv were further evaluated.