紫外消毒对城市污水处理厂耐药菌去除的影响研究

通过选取假单胞杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌以及芽孢杆菌3种耐药菌作为研究对象,研究紫外光变化对这3种耐药菌的去除效果,得出较好的紫外消毒条件,应用到实际的污水处理厂消毒过程中。结果表明,紫外消毒对3种耐药菌都有很好的灭活效果。     

低碳经济背景下我国产业结构升级对策研究

为了实现我国经济的平稳发展,改变以"高消耗、高增长、高污染"的传统经济增长方式,解决资源的过度消耗和温室气体的过量排放等问题,文章从我国产业及内部结构、产业的碳排放量和产业节能率三个方面进行了分析,提出了在低碳经济背景下实现我国产业结构升级的对策。     

不同主体功能定位的县域空间功能区划研究

文章通过判别分析法,尝试构建一套针对不同主体功能定位县通用的指标体系,以反映社会经济发展状况、生态环境保护重要性、国土空间开发支撑条件。通过在广西10个不同主体功能定位县的实践应用,将县域空间划分为城镇空间、农业空间和生态空间,重点开发区、农产品主产区、重点生态功能区的城镇空间分别小于30%、20%和10%,农产品主产区的农业空间和重点生态功能区的生态空间均大于50%。研究成果为全省范围推广县域空间功能区划提供了科学依据。     

基于LMDI方法的广东省生活能源消费影响因素分析

运用对数平均迪氏分解法(LMDI)构建广东省生活能源消费的因素分解模型,定量分析2000~2014年间能源结构、人口规模、居住面积和设备消费等因素的变化对生活能源消费的影响。研究发现,4种因素的累计效应均为正,而采用逐年效应角度观察,设备消费是生活能源消费增加的最大拉动因素,其次为居住面积。基于研究结果,提出降低居民生活能源消费的相关政策建议。     

台州市大气PM_(2.5)中PAHs的污染特征与毒性评价

使用中流量颗粒物采样器采集台州市2015—2016年大气PM_(2.5)样品,利用气相色谱-质谱仪对样品中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行分析,研究PAHs的污染特征及可能来源。结果显示:PAHs总浓度为(20.69±4.84)ng/m3,浓度季节变化大小顺序依次为冬季>春季>秋季>夏季,空间变化为商住区>工业区>背景点。PM_(2.5)中PAHs以高环为主(≥4环),占86%。不同季节商住区和工业区PAHs(4环)含量均略高于背景点,PAHs(5~6环)的含量商住区略高于工业区和背景点。PAHs环数分布和比值法结果表明台州市大气PM_(2.5)中PAHs的主要来源是机动车尾气和燃煤。成年人和儿童的终生超额致癌风险(ILCR)分别为8.02×10-7和5.61×10-7,表明台州市PM_(2.5)中PAHs对人体健康影响在可接受范围内。     

On the effect of Fe(III) on proliferation of Microcystis aeruginosa at high nitrate and low chlorophyll condition

The impact of Fe concentrations on the growth of Microcystisaeruginosa in aquatic systems under high nitrate and low chlorophyll conditions was studied. The responses of cell density, total and cell chlorophyll-a intracellular Fe content and organic elemental composition of M. aeruginosa to different concentration gradients of Fe(III) in the solutions were analysed. The results showed that the proliferation speeds of M. aeruginosa were: (1) decelerated when the Fe(III) concentration was lower than 50 μg/L in the solutions, (2) promoted and positively related to the increase of Fe(III) concentration from 100 to 500 μg/L in the solutions over the experimental period, and (3) promoted in the early stage but decelerated in later stages by excess adsorption of Fe by cells when the Fe(III) concentration was higher than 500 μg/L in the solutions. The maximum cell density, total and cell chlorophyll-a were all observed at 500 μg Fe(III)/L concentration. The organic elemental composition of M. aeruginosa was also affected by the concentration of Fe(III) in the solutions, and the molecular formula of M. aeruginosa should be expressed as C_7–7.5H₁₄O_0.8–1.3N_3.5–5 according to the functions for different Fe(III) concentrations. Cell carbon and oxygen content appeared to increase slightly, while cell nitrogen content appeared to decrease as Fe(III) concentrations increased from 100 to 500 μg/L in the solutions. This was attributed to the competition of photosynthesis and nitrogen adsorption under varying cell Fe content.     

Bioaccumulation and the expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 genes in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) exposed to difenoconazole

This study was conducted to assess the effects of difenoconazole (DFZ), a triazole fungicide, on the hepatic biotransformation system and its bioaccumulation in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). Fish were exposed to DFZ (1, 10, 100, 1000 ng/L) for 180 days. The results showed that: (1) The mRNA levels of hepatic CYP1A1, CYP1B, CYP1C1, CYP27B and CYP3A40 were up-regulated, but those of CYP3A38 and CYP27A1 were down-regulated. (2) The activity of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver were increased in the DFZ-treated groups, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was increased in the 100 and 1000 ng/L groups. (3) DFZ was accumulated in the muscle and the biological concentration factors in the 10, 100, and 1000 ng/L groups were respectively 149, 81 and 25. These results suggested that long-term exposure to DFZ at low concentrations would result in a bioaccumulation of this compound and disturb the biotransformation system.     

有机质对p,p′-DDE在土壤中的吸附影响

为研究有机质对p, p′-DDE在土壤中的吸附影响因素,采用批量试验方法,分析p, p′-DDE在包气带土壤及含水层土壤上吸附量的变化及有机质对p, p′-DDE在土壤中的吸附影响.结果表明,p, p′-DDE在土壤中的吸附均符合先快后慢、最后达到吸附平衡的规律;其吸附动力学曲线用一级和二级反应动力学方程均能较好拟合,说明p, p′-DDE在这两种物质中的吸附以简单吸附为主,同时包含表面吸附、颗粒内部扩散等过程.包气带土壤和含水层土壤等温吸附线的拟合相关系数(R2)均大于0.95,符合Freundlich模型和线性模型,而含水层样品与Freundlich模型拟合得更好,表明p, p′-DDE在包气带土壤中的吸附以单分子层吸附为主,而在含水层土壤中的吸附还伴随着多分子层吸附的复杂过程;去除内源DOM(溶解性有机质)后,样品对p, p′-DDE的吸附量呈增加趋势,按吸附增加量由小到大的排序为1-1(0~10 cm) < 1-2(120~150 cm) < 2-4(100~120 cm),说明内源DOM的存在总体上抑制了p, p′-DDE的吸附,并且w(DOM)越高,其抑制作用越强;外源DOM的加入抑制了土壤对p, p′-DDE的吸附;去除有机质后样品对p, p′-DDE的吸附量与w(黏土矿物)具有正相关性.研究显示,有机质对土壤中有机污染物的吸附迁移研究对土壤修复有重要意义,需要对有机质影响土壤的吸附机制进行更深层次的研究.      

Effects of Cu2+ and humic acids on degradation and fate of TBBPA in pure culture of Pseudomonas sp. strain CDT

Soil contamination with tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA) has caused great concerns;however, the presence of heavy metals and soil organic matter on the biodegradation of TBBPA is still unclear. We isolated Pseudomonas sp. strain CDT, a TBBPA-degrading bacterium, from activated sludge and incubated it with ~(14)C-labeled TBBPA for 87 days in the absence and presence of Cu~(2+)and humic acids(HA). TBBPA was degraded to organic-solvent extractable(59.4% ± 2.2%) and non-extractable(25.1% ± 1.3%) metabolites,mineralized to CO_2(4.8% ± 0.8%), and assimilated into cells(10.6% ± 0.9%) at the end of incubation. When Cu~(2+)was present, the transformation of extractable metabolites into non-extractable metabolites and mineralization were inhibited, possibly due to the toxicity of Cu~(2+)to cells. HA significantly inhibited both dissipation and mineralization of TBBPA and altered the fate of TBBPA in the culture by formation of HA-bound residues that amounted to 22.1% ± 3.7% of the transformed TBBPA. The inhibition from HA was attributed to adsorption of TBBPA and formation of bound residues with HA via reaction of reactive metabolites with HA molecules, which decreased bioavailability of TBBPA and metabolites in the culture. When Cu~(2+)and HA were both present, Cu~(2+)significantly promoted the HA inhibition on TBBPA dissipation but not on metabolite degradation. The results provide insights into individual and interactive effects of Cu~(2+)and soil organic matter on the biotransformation of TBBPA and indicate that soil organic matter plays an essential role in determining the fate of organic pollutants in soil and mitigating heavy metal toxicity.     

Ambient volatile organic compounds pollution in China

Owing to rapid economic and industrial development, China has been suffering from degraded air quality and visibility. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important precursors to the formation of ground-level ozone and hence photochemical smog. Some VOCs adversely affect human health. Therefore, VOCs have recently elicited public concern and given new impetus to scientific interest. China is now implementing a series of polices to control VOCs pollution. The key to formulating policy is understanding the ambient VOCs pollution status. This paper mainly analyzes the species, levels, sources, and spatial distributions of VOCs in ambient air. The results show that the concentrations of ambient VOCs in China are much higher than those of developed countries such as the United States and Japan, especial benzene, which exceeds available standards. At the same time, the ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) of various VOCs are calculated. Aromatics and alkenes have much higher OFPs, while aromatics have higher SOAFP. The OFPs of ambient VOCs in the cities of Beijing, Guangzhou and Changchun are very high, and the SOAFP of ambient VOCs in the cities of Hangzhou, Guangzhou and Changchun are higher.