贵州西南地区慢性铊中毒途径研究

铊中毒区土壤、植物中铊含量均很高，铊中毒途径主要是食用高铊蔬菜，进入人体长期积累，导致慢性铊中毒。     

基于神经网络的碳排放预测及影响因素分析

基于新疆1995—2014年农业生产碳排放源,建立碳排放关系数据库。应用广义神经网络(generalized regression neural network,GRNN)构建了排放量预测模型,结合平均影响值(mean impact value,MIV)方法对碳排放影响因素进行量化。结果表明:1)GRNN模型预测碳排放的平均绝对百分误差和拟合优度分别为2.7860%和0.8720;2)新疆人口、人均GDP、农业贡献值、农机总动力和农户固定资产投资等因素对农业生产碳排放的影响程度分别为0.6210、0.2377、0.3698、0.8500和0.1000。该成果可为新疆碳排放总量分析和影响因素量化方面提供参考。     

厦门市大气PM2.5中多环芳烃的昼夜变化特征

对厦门市冬季不同功能区大气PM2.5中多环芳烃(PAHs)的昼夜变化特征进行分析.结果表明,在检出的13种PAHs中,总浓度及其组分均呈现明显的差异.PAHs总浓度(ΣPAHs)分布在3.04-12.49ng·m-3;各功能区PAHs以菲、芘和含量相对较高,其中菲占优势,说明厦门市冬季大气PM2.5中PAHs以菲的污染为主.局部地区晚间ΣPAHs的浓度明显高于日间浓度,这可能与夜间大气混合层下降、污染物不易扩散传输、日间PAHs易光降解等有关.     

Development and prospects of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration in China

With the lack of space for new landfills, municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration is playing an increasingly important role in municipal solid waste management in China. The literatures on certain aspects of incineration plants in China are reviewed in this paper, including the development and status of the application of MSW incineration technologies, the treatment of leachate from stored MSW, air pollution control technologies, and the status of the fly-ash control method. Energy policy and its promotion of MSW-to-energy conversion are also elucidated.     

大气中黑碳的健康效应及机制研究进展

虽然人类社会不断进步发展,但大量工业和自然排放也导致了严重的空气污染。大气颗粒物是大气污染物的主要成分之一,黑碳是其中的重要组成成分,被国际癌症研究机构(IARC)归类为2B类致癌物。黑碳可以吸附其他致癌物质,会对环境和人体健康产生不利影响,因此黑碳暴露对人类的危害得到越来越多的重视。空气中黑碳的水平与心血管、呼吸和神经系统疾病的发生都有关系;黑碳主要通过引起氧化应激和炎症反应,诱发基因突变等一系列损伤。虽然现今对于黑碳健康效应的研究已取得了一些进展,但研究多数处于起步阶段,且仅针对黑碳本身进行单独研究,未来还需要加强开展对黑碳和其他污染物联合毒性效应及机制的研究。本综述主要针对近年来已开展的研究进行了总结归纳。     

淀山湖沉积物孔隙水中重金属元素分布特征

用原子吸收光谱仪测定了淀山湖上覆水体和沉积物孔隙水中Pb、Cu、Cr、Cd、Fe和Mn的浓度.结果表明,上覆水体中及沉积物孔隙水中重金属元素浓度由高到低的顺序,夏季为Fe>Mn>Cr(Cu)>Pb>Cd,冬季为Mn>Fe>Cr(Cu)>Pb>Cd.各种重金属元素在孔隙水中的浓度比上覆水体中的浓度高得多,且在孔隙水中随深度均呈现典型的峰型分布;但随季节的变化,峰值发生位移.重金属元素的浓度在沉积物-水界面处变化明显,夏季沉积物中的Cr对上覆水体水质的影响较大.     

Municipal solid waste characteristics and management in China

The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the current status and identify the problems of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in China in order to determine appropriate remedial strategies. This is the first of two papers, discussing primarily the general characteristics of MSW and its management in China. The second paper focuses on specific remedial strategies. MSW generation in China has increased rapidly in the past 20 years from 31.3 million tons in 1980 to 113.0 million tons in 1998. The annual rate of increase is 3-10%. The average generation per capita is 1.0 kg/day (0.38 t/year). Nearly one-half of the waste generated is dumped in the suburbs, where the accumulated quantity has reached 6 billion tons, which has caused heavy environmental pollution. This paper provides information on MSW management in China, such as MSW generation and its physical, chemical, and biological properties. Low calorific value and high moisture content characterize China's municipal waste. Other issues related to MSW management in China are also discussed, including the factors that influence MSW generation quantity and     

太湖饮用水源地蓝藻水华预警监测体系的构建

从预警机制的建立与分工、预警监测时间的确定、预警监测的启动、预警信息的发布、预警监测的终止、预警监测的工作流程等方面,建立了太湖引用水源地蓝藻水华预警监测体系。指出了政府必须在资金、物资、人才、技术等方面给予预警监测体系充足的保障,确保预警监测体系长期有效地运行。     

Anaerobic digestion of kitchen wastes in a single-phased anaerobic sequencing batch reactor(ASBR) with gas-phased absorb of CO2

IntroductionThereisanever increasingquantityofkitchenwasteswiththeincreasingpopulationandlivingconditionsinChina .Kitchenwasteshaveahighproportionof 5 0 %— 70 %amongmunicipalsolidwastes.TakingthecityofShanghaiforexample,thegenerationofkitchenwastesamount…     

废水产氢产酸/同型产乙酸耦合产酸条件优化

为了更好地发挥产氢产酸/同型产乙酸耦合系统在废水厌氧发酵生产乙酸方面的优势,有必要寻找一种简单有效的方法以获得该系统产酸的优化条件.利用经过加热处理并活化的厌氧污泥作种泥,以模拟废水中的葡萄糖为底物,针对发酵时间、底物浓度、种泥浓度、初始pH进行4因素10水平均匀设计实验,得到了乙酸生产指标与产酸条件之间关系的回归方程;也得到了以高乙酸产量为主要目标导向同时兼顾高乙酸产率和高乙酸生产强度目标的优化条件;优化条件实验乙酸浓度比均匀设计中最高乙酸浓度提高20%左右.研究表明,将均匀设计应用于废水产氢产酸/同型产乙酸耦合产酸条件优化,可以避免盲目性,迅速获得满意结果.