表面包覆聚合氯化铝吸附材料的制备与性能表征

在颗粒状黏土素瓷载体上 ,经灼烧制备具有共价结合的铝胶薄膜 ,并以此为载体 ,在聚合氯化铝形成过程中与氯化铝悬浊液共熟化 ,在铝胶薄膜表面生成聚合氯化铝 ,经灼烧进一步固化而制得表面包覆聚合氯化铝吸附材料。该吸附材料作为絮凝剂可循环使用约 17次。用于处理造纸污水 ,COD、BOD、悬浮物、硫化物、色度等指标可分别降低约 93%、77%、96 %、94 %和 80 %。     

石油加工业二氧化硫产排污系数验证研究——以济南某石化企业为例

确保主要行业主要污染物排放总量数据的准确性对制定总量减排和区域环境质量改善规划尤为重要.以济南某石化企业为例,对石油加工业常减压、催化裂化、延迟焦化、柴油加氢、硫磺回收等工艺二氧化硫产排污系数开展验证研究.将产排污系数与监测结果对比分析,发现该企业通过产排污系数计算的二氧化硫排放量远大于实际排放量.在此基础上,提出石油加工业二氧化硫产排污系数修订建议.     

Biodegradation of pendimethalin by Bacillus subtilis Y3

A bacterium strain Y3,capable of efficiently degrading pendimethalin,was isolated from activated sludge and identified as Bacillus subtilis according to its phenotypic features and 16 S rRNA phylogenetic analysis.This strain could grow on pendimethalin as a sole carbon source and degrade 99.5%of 100 mg/L pendimethalin within 2.5 days in batch liquid culture,demonstrating a greater efficiency than any other reported strains.Three metabolic products,6-aminopendimethalin,5-amino-2-methyl-3-nitroso-4-(pentan-3-ylamino) benzoic acid,and 8-amino-2-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoxaline-6-carboxylic acid,were identified by HPLC-MS/MS,and a new microbial degradation pathway was proposed.A nitroreductase catalyzing nitroreduction of pendimethalin to 6-aminopendimethalin was detected in the cell lysate of strain Y3.The cofactor was nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) or more preferably nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH).The optimal temperature and pH for the nitroreductase were 30℃ and 7.5,respectively.Hg~(2+),Ni~(2+),Pb~(2+),Co~(2+),Mn~(2+) Cu~(2+),Ag~+,and EDTA severely inhibited the nitroreductase activity,whereas Fe~(2+),Mg~(2+),and Ca~(2+) enhanced it.This study provides an efficient pendimethalin-degrading microorganism and broadens the knowledge of the microbial degradation pathway of pendimethalin.     

Distribution of bacterial communities across plateau freshwater lake and upslope soils

Microorganisms are involved in a variety of biogeochemical processes in natural environments. The differences between bacterial communities in freshwaters and upslope soils remain unclear. The present study investigated the bacterial distribution in a plateau freshwater lake, Erhai Lake (southwestern China), and its upslope soils. Illumina MiSeq sequencing illustrated high bacterial diversity in lake sediments and soils. Sediment and soil bacterial communities were mainly composed of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes. However, a distinctive difference in bacterial community structure was found between soil and sediment ecosystems. Water content, nitrogen and pH affected the distribution of the bacterial community across Erhai Lake and its upslope soils. Moreover, the soil bacterial community might also be shaped by plant types. This work could provide some new insights into plateau aquatic and terrestrial microbial ecology.     

The effect of helmets on motorcycle outcomes in a level I trauma center in Connecticut

Objective: The State of Connecticut has a partial motorcycle helmet law, which has been linked to one of the lowest helmet compliance rates in the Northeast. We examine the clinical and financial impact of low motorcycle helmet use in the State of Connecticut.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study comparing the outcomes between helmeted and nonhelmeted motorcycle crash victims over a 12.5-year period, from July 2, 2002, to December 31, 2013. All patients who were admitted to the hospital after a motorcycle crash were included in the study. Patients were stratified into helmeted and nonhelmeted cohorts. Group differences were compared using t-test or Wilcoxon rank test for continuous variables and chi-square test for dichotomous outcomes. Regression models were created to evaluate predictors of helmet use, alcohol and drugs as confounding variables, and factors that influenced hospital costs.

Results: The registry included 986 eligible patients. Of this group, 335 (34%) were helmeted and 651 (66%) were nonhelmeted. Overall, nonhelmeted patients had a worse clinical presentation, with lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS; P <.01), higher Injury Severity Score (ISS; P <.01), higher incidence of loss of consciousness (LOC; P <.01), longer intensive care unit (ICU; P <.01) admissions, and higher incidence of head (P <.01) or face injuries (P <.01). Nonhelmeted patients were also twice as more likely to die from their injuries (P =.04, odds ratio [OR] = 1.89, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–3.45). Financially, nonhelmeted patients incurred mean hospital costs of $18,458, whereas helmeted patients incurred $14,970 (P =.18). ISS, GCS, and ICU length of stay were significantly correlated with increased hospital costs (P <.01). Not using a helmet was a significant predictor of mortality (P =.04) after adjusting for alcohol/drug use and age.

Conclusions: Helmet use is associated with lower injury severity and increased survival after a motorcycle crash. These outcomes remained consistent even after controlling for age and alcohol and drug use. The medical and financial impact of Connecticut's partial helmet law should be carefully evaluated to petition for increased education and enforcement of helmet use.     

风浪扰动中太湖OA对水体磷循环影响的原位实验研究

在一次风速12 m.s-1的强风浪过程中,对太湖梅梁湾一浅水区水体有机聚集体（organic aggregates,OA）丰度、颗粒态有机质含量、碳、氮和磷含量等基本理化性质的变化情况进行了连续的原位监测和分析,同时分析了基本的水质指标.结果表明,风浪过程会对水体OA的理化性质及水体的磷循环产生极大的影响：在风浪过程中...     

氢氟酸烷基化装置检修过程HF泄露中毒事故故障树分析

根据某石化分公司HF中毒死亡事故,编制了氢氟酸烷基化装置检修过程HF泄漏中毒事故故障树对故障树分析中的最小割集、最小径集分析及结构重要度进行了分析,得出加强对岗位人员的安全教育,强化作业人员对岗位风险的认识是预防事故发生的主要措施.     

发展绿色交通促进交通行业节能减排的对策思考

＂十一五＂期间,中国实现了单位GDP能耗下降19.1%、节能6.3亿吨标准煤、减少二氧化碳排放15亿吨的目标责任,但面临的资源、环境约束形势依然严峻,交通运输行业作为重要的高污染高能耗领域有着不可推卸的责任。目前,交通部门在新能源的利用中存在的核心技术缺乏,自主创新能力不足,相关的配套政策、设施不到位等问题,也依然制约着中国交通运输行业的绿色发展。当前中国交通部门存在着严重的资源、环境问题,需借鉴国外发展绿色交通的经验,并结合本国国情,着力促进交通运输行业的节能减排,实现经济社会的可持续发展。     

中孔硅胶负载过氧乙酸深度脱除柴油硫化物

采用滴定吸附法将过氧乙酸组装于中孔硅胶中,通过红外光谱分析和N2吸附法对组装体进行了表征,研究了常温常压下,该组装体氧化、吸附、脱除柴油硫化物的活性.结果表明,该组装体具有优良的脱硫性能.柴油中硫化物与过氧乙酸在硅胶孔中发生氧化反应,氧化产物被吸附在硅胶上,使柴油的含硫量从1697μg/g降到14μg/g,符合美国环境保护署标准.     

高效离子色谱法同时检测F^—、CH3COO^—、HCOO^—、Cl^—离子的方法研究

使用高效离子色谱法（HPIC），一次进样50μL，可在8分钟内完成F^-、CH3COO^-、HCOO^-、Cl^-检测；且能用同套系统梯度淋洗完成其他常规阴离子的检测。本文并从最佳洗涤条件的选择、主要影响因素、方法准确度、精密度，方法检出限等方面进行了研究与探讨。