基于GIS的西辽河流域生态安全空间分异特征

生态安全评价与预警研究具有空间特性、非线性和随机性,研究过程中必须处理大量的空间信息,而空间分析和空间数据管理正是GIS的优势,它使各环境要素的分布态势及彼此之间的拓扑关系一目了然,并且图文并茂地展示全流域的生态安全格局.在充分研究西辽河流域生态环境的基础上,讨论了基于GIS的西辽河生态安全空间差异的评价方法.①拟定“压力-状态-响应”(P-S-R)指标体系,实地调查并收集资料;②数字化流域,运用模糊AHP和综合比较法赋权并量化计算;③建立西辽河流域生态安全指数GRID数据库,通过GIS的空间Interpolate运算和Assembly分析,阐述生态安全的空间分异特征.     

微囊藻毒素-LR的提取与测定

采用固相萃取结合液相色谱的方法,对可能有微囊藻毒素污染的某水库中的藻体和水样分别进行提取分析,在藻体中检测出微囊藻毒素LR,并确定产毒的藻种为水华微囊藻。同时对微囊藻毒素LR的测定方法进行了一定探讨。     

Factors affecting HCH and DDT in soils around watersheds of Beijing reservoirs,China

The factors that influence the dynamics of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in soils around the watersheds of Beijing reservoirs were examined. Compared with other studies on HCH and DDT in soils and established reference values, the concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils around our study area were relatively low. The relationships between HCH and DDT concentrations and land use, soil texture, and soil properties were discussed. HCH and DDT concentrations were higher in arable soils than those in uncultivated fallow soils. Although land use was the most important factor affecting HCH and DDT residues, additional factors such as soil texture and soil total organic carbon were also involved in pesticide retention in soils. The results indicated that the historical agricultural applications of HCH and DDT were the major source of their residues. Atmospheric deposition, as well as long-distance transportation and inputs from surrounding weathered agricultural soils may also serve as important sources of HCH and DDT residues in the watersheds.     

Stabilization treatment of contaminated soil: a field-scale application in Shanghai,China

Stabilization is one of the best demonstrated available technologies for treating toxic pollutants in soils and has been used worldwide but is rarely used for treatment of contaminated sites in China despite many bench-scale studies. Here, a field-scale application of stabilization treatment in Shanghai, China was summarized to demonstrate the whole engineering process and the key technical issues regarding stabilization of contaminated soil. A site contaminated with arsenic (As) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), formerly used as a lighting plant in Shanghai, was chosen as the demonstration site. Stabilizing measures were taken to treat the contaminated soil to reuse the site for residential purposes. The whole engineering remediation process consisted of phase I environmental site assessment (ESA) and phase II ESA, quantitative human health risk assessment, remediation alternatives evaluation, bench-scale testing, remedial design, engineering implementation, and post-remediation assessment. A third party conducted evaluation monitoring indicated desirable results were achieved via the stabilization treatment. In addition, some technical obstacles related to soil stabilization treatment were discussed, including soil quality evaluation, stabilization effectiveness validation, and soil reuse assessment.     

我国现代农业发展路线与发展战略

在当前,我国现代农业发展背负着重大包袱,面临着日益激烈的国际竞争,大力发展现代农业成为迫切需要.世界农业形势出现了新的变化,集中体现在理念创新、科技创新和制度创新.结合我围发展现代农业的国情,构建一个以产业理念创新为核心,以科技创新为动力,以组织保障制度创新为支撑的现代农业发展战略框架,描绘一个30年跨度的我国农业发展路线图,具有积极的理论意义与现实意义.     

风沙区农田防护林带生态规划设计研究

通过观测和研究 ,得出风沙区农田防护林带的走向与主风方向的交角 ,不能小于 45° ,主林带间距 15 0m——— 2 0 0m ,副林带间距 2 3 0m——— 70 0m ,林带结构以疏透结构为最好 ,主林带一般由主林木 5— 6行组成 ,副林带由 2— 3行组成 ,再在迎风面和背风面配置 1行— 2行灌木和针叶树     

多重恶臭污染源对环境的影响评估分析

本项研究以某焦化厂及周围的垃圾堆放场、排污河等多重污染源对附近的居住区的影响为例，根据各污染源与居住区的位置关系在不同风向条件下进行采样分析，并对污染源排放废气的特征污染物进行监测，评估了各污染源对环境的影响程度。     

Production and emission of phosphine gas from wetland ecosystems

Phosphine is a part of an atmospheric link of phosphorus cycle on earth, which could be an important pathway for phosphorus transport in environment.Wetland ecosystems are important locations for global biogeochemical phosphorus cycle.In this study, production and emission fluxes of free phosphine from four wetlands types in southern China were observed in different seasons.The results showed that the concentration of phosphine liberated from wetlands was at pg/m3-ng/m3 level.The emission concentrations of different wetlands followed the sequence:paddy field(51.83 ± 3.06) ng/m3 marsh(46.54 ± 20.55) ng/m3 lake(37.05 ± 22.74) ng/m3 coastal wetland(1.71 ± 0.73) ng/m3, the positive phosphine emission flux occurred in rice paddy field(6.67 ± 5.18) ng/(m2·hr) and marsh(6.23 ± 26.9) ng/(m2·hr), while a negative phosphine flux of(-13.11 ± 35.04) ng/(m2·hr) was observed on the water-air interface of Lake Taihu, suggesting that paddy field and marsh may be important sources for phosphine gas in atmosphere, while lake may be a sink of atmospheric phosphine gas during the sampling period.Atmospheric phosphine levels and emission flux from Yancheng marsh and rice paddy field varied in different seasons and vegetational zones.Both diffusion resistance in aqueous phase and temperature were dominating factors for the production and transportation of phosphine to atmosphere.     

电感耦合等离子质谱仪（ICP-MS）测定地表水中痕量钒

建立电感耦合等离子质谱仪（ICP-MS）测定地表水中的钒的方法。优化了仪器条件后,水样经硝酸酸化后,用ICP-MS直接测定溶液中的钒含量。方法在0.0μg/L-100μg/L范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.04μg/L,其回收率在98.4%-100.2%之间,相对标准偏差小于1.0%。本方法具有检出限低,准确度高,精密度好的特点,完全满足地表水、饮用水等实际样品的测试的需要。     

膜法回收有机蒸汽进展

简要介绍了有机蒸汽（voc）的来源、分类及其对人体和环境的危害。介绍了膜分离技术在有机蒸汽回收中应用的工作原理、工艺设计特点和要求等。简要介绍了几种从VOC中回收溶剂的方法,并分析如何进行选择。较详细地论述了蒸汽渗透、气体膜分离、膜基吸收三种膜技术用于废气中挥发性有机化合物去除和回收的研究进展。论述了国外采用膜技术回收废气中VOC的工业应用情况,而中国的膜分离法回收VOC处于起步阶段,并就今后的发展方向进行了评述。