Influences of human waste–based ectopic fermentation bed fillers on the soil properties and growth of Chinese pakchoi

The reuse of human wastes as biofertilizer resources offers a new option for meeting the growing demand for food and addressing poor soil productivity. Feces and black water are ubiquitous human wastes that usually require proper treatment, such as composting and anaerobic digestion, to remove potentially harmful substances before they can be applied as fertilizers. As an effective treatment technology for livestock farming wastes, the ectopic fermentation bed system (EFS) provides a new means of treating human waste and producing organic fertilizer from decomposed filler. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the nutrient content and fertilizer potential of decomposed fillers obtained after EFS treatment of human feces and black water under different application conditions. The results showed that the application of fillers increased the yield of pakchoi by 3.60?29.32% and nutrient uptake by 8.09?83.45% compared to the CK, which could effectively promote the growth of pakchoi. This approach also improved the quality of pakchoi and enhanced soil fertility, and differences were observed in the effects of different kinds and application amounts of fillers. Soil EC was the soil property that had the greatest effect on the growth characteristics of pakchoi in this study. These findings help to better clarify the agronomic value of human wastes, but the effects of long-term filler application need to be further explored.

     

Effect of silicones and polymers on the wetting and foaming properties of anionic and nonionic hydrocarbon surfactants

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To better understand the effects of nonionic silicones and polymers on the wetting and foaming properties of anionic and nonionic hydrocarbon...     

Biogeochemical zonation of sulfur during the discharge of groundwater to lake in desert plateau (Dakebo Lake,NW China)

As one of the important elements of controlling the redox system within the hyporheic and hypolentic zone, sulfur is involved in a series of complex biogeochemical processes such as carbon cycle, water acidification, formation of iron and manganese minerals, redox processes of trace metal elements and a series of important ecological processes. Previous studies on biogeochemistry of the hyporheic and hypolentic zones mostly concentrated on nutrients of nitrogen and phosphorus, heavy metals and other pollutants. Systematic study of biogeochemical behavior of sulfur and its main controlling factors within the lake hypolentic zone is very urgent and important. In this paper, a typical desert plateau lake, Dakebo Lake in northwestern China, was taken for example within which redox zonation and biogeochemical characteristics of sulfur affected by hydrodynamic conditions were studied based on not only traditional hydrochemical analysis, but also environmental isotope evidence. In the lake hypolentic zone of the study area, due to the different hydrodynamic conditions, vertical profile of sulfur species and environmental parameters differ at the two sites of the lake (western side and center). Reduction of sulfate, deposition and oxidation of sulfide, dissolution and precipitation of sulfur-bearing minerals occurred are responded well to Eh, dissolved oxygen, pH, organic carbon and microorganism according to which the lake hypolentic zone can be divided into reduced zone containing H₂S, reduced zone containing no H₂S, transition zone and oxidized zone. The results of this study provide valuable insights for understanding sulfur conversion processes and sulfur biogeochemical zonation within a lake hypolentic zone in an extreme plateau arid environment and for protecting the lake–wetland ecosystem in arid and semiarid regions.     

油田修井起下杆管清洁生产技术现状及分析

文章从现有杆管清洁设备的基本结构、工作原理、应用效果入手,分析了井下、井口、井场、车间4个环节15种杆管清洁生产技术的优缺点和适应性,同时引入技术成熟完备性指标,对每种杆管清洁生产技术作了定量评价,认为在施工中应综合考虑地层、井史、油田所处环境敏感性等影响因素,将其集成或组合使用,形成适合于不同类型油井的杆管清洁模式。建议继续加强井下泄油、油管内壁清洗、内防喷、井口防喷防溅等关键设备研发与完善,提高清洁生产技术的适应性、可靠性,以降低劳动强度,提高工作效率。     

氧化法处理水中酚的研究方法综述

目前氧化法处理含酚废水的方法有化学氧化法即臭氧氧化法、Fenton试剂氧化法等，酶催化氧化法以及光化学氧化法即光敏化氧化、光催化氧化法等；分析了它们的优势及存在的问题；并提出了今后的研究方向，即臭氧-生物活性炭、臭氧辐射、臭氧-H2O2技术，水溶性酶制剂连接到固体载体上制成固化酶，H2O2－BAC、O3－H2O2－BAC联用技术等。     

水‑力作用下黏土孔隙结构演化规律研究进展∗

黏土的微结构直接决定宏观水?力学特性，然而现阶段绝大多数模型都是基于宏观参数所建立，由于缺乏微观机制的支撑，己经难以满足科研和工程需求。因此开展孔隙结构演化研究可以加深对非饱和土复杂水?力学特性的认识。在详细阐述黏土的孔径分布特征及双孔模型的基础上，全面回顾和总结了近年来水?力作用下黏土孔隙结构演化规律的研究成果与最新进展，并进行了相关讨论。结果表明：考虑颗粒集聚体的双孔模型（集聚体间孔隙与集聚体内孔隙）可以更好地解释黏土复杂的水?力学特性。水?力作用对黏土孔隙结构的影响机制不同，根据文献试验数据和理论分析初步总结出水?力作用下土孔隙结构的演化规律。外力荷载只显著影响集聚体间孔隙，对集聚体内孔隙基本不影响；含水率变化会改变土颗粒相对位置，继而影响这两类孔隙结构，但是土水相互作用复杂，导致含水率变化对土孔隙结构影响机制仍不清晰，并且没有统一认识。鉴于此，在研究土水相互作用对微观孔隙影响时应充分考虑物理?化学作用，并构建微观孔隙结构演化与宏观变形的定量关系，这也是今后需要深入研究的方向。     

Impacts of national park tourism sites: a perceptual analysis from residents of three spatial levels of local communities in Banff national park

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Communities next to national parks, known as gateway communities, can benefit from national park development. Gateway communities are unique and...     

Removal of SO2 from flue gas using blast furnace dust as an adsorbent

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To control the SO2 emission and achieve the target of “waste controlled by waste”, a novel desulfurization method with blast furnace dust...