Determination of Steroid Estrogens in Wastewater Treatment Plant of A Controceptives Producing Factory

Steroid estrogens such as estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) have been suspected to be the main contaminants, which can affect the endocrine system of animals. Many authors have investigated these chemicals in the domestic wastewater treatment plants (WTP). However, wastewater from industries producing steroid contraceptives has not got ample attention. From the environmental point of view, the four steroids are very significant because even very low concentrations (ng/L) can cause reproductive disturbances in human, livestock and wildlife. The main purpose of the present investigation was to develop an analytical method for the determination of the four steroid estrogens present in WTP of a pharmacy factory, mainly producing contraceptive medicine in Beijing, China. Analysis was performed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) system and liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The average recoveries from effluent samples ranged from 88% to 103% and the precision of the method ranged from 9% to 4%. Based on 0.5-L wastewater samples, the limit of quantification (LOQ) was determined at 0.7 ng/L for E1, 0.8 for E2, 0.9 ng/L for E3, and 0.5 ng/L for EE2 in influent, and 1.0 ng/L for E2 and EE2, and 2.0 ng/L for E1 and E3 in effluent. In the influent samples, average concentrations of 80, 85, 73 and 155 ng/L were determined for E1, E2, E3 and EE2, respectively, showing that they were removed in this WTP to the extent of 79, 73, 85 and 67%, respectively.     

长江河口硅和磷生源要素质量浓度的变化特征

根据近年来长江河口区域内大通水文站的记录和近期在长江入海河口区上海段多个采样点的生源要素质量浓度实测数据,比较水中可溶性硅酸盐和磷酸盐的质量浓度,分析在长江入海河口区水中硅和磷元素含量的主要变化特征.结果表明,长江水中的硅酸盐和磷酸盐从长江入海河口进入大海的过程中,其质量浓度有降低的趋势,它们在长江入海河口的多年的质量浓度变化趋势是相反的.长江入海河口区域上游的磷酸盐质量浓度升高幅度较大,而硅酸盐变化不大,硅酸盐、磷酸盐质量浓度在长江河口区进入海洋的过程中迅速降低.      

活性碳纤维在环境保护中的应用

由于活性碳纤维的吸附面积大,可以作为固相微萃取的纤维用于对环境污染物质的分析检测,包括含硫和含氯的一些有机化合物.同时,活性碳纤维具有良好的导电性能,可以作为电极,能有效地去除环境中城市污水、燃料废水和腐植酸的污染.     

建设新时代美丽城市的总体思路与战略任务研究

建设美丽中国是党的二十大提出的社会主义现代化强国的重要目标之一。城市是实施新型城镇化、推动绿色发展、建设美丽中国的重要载体,是美丽中国最具代表性的表现形式与具体呈现。面对党的二十大和全国生态环境保护大会整体部署及美丽城市建设现实需求,本文明确建设新时代美丽城市的工作背景及重大意义,评估我国美丽城市建设的进展、成效,分析识别当前新时代美丽城市建设面临的主要问题及挑战,从重点任务、工作机制、政策支撑、带动示范等层面提出开展新时代美丽城市建设的思路与任务建议,为推动建设新时代美丽城市提供支撑。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定水中硝基氯苯类化合物

建立固相萃取-气相色谱法测定水中15种硝基氯苯类化合物的方法。选用HLB柱为固相萃取柱,选用环己烷∶丙酮(3∶1,V∶V)混合溶剂作洗脱剂,得到方法检出限为0.011～0.040μg/L。空白水样加标回收率为73.6%～119%,相对标准偏差为6.1%～13.9%,精密度和准确度良好。对成分不复杂的实际水样进行测定,加标回收率为64.1%～118%,相对标准偏差为5.8%～15.6%,该方法能够基本满足成分不复杂的环境水体中痕量硝基氯苯类化合物的测定。     

生态工程建设背景下贵州高原的植被变化及影响因素分析

基于MODIS-NDVI和气象数据,运用趋势分析、偏相关分析和残差分析等方法,对生态工程建设背景下贵州高原的植被变化及影响因素进行分析,并定量探讨气候因素与人类活动对植被变化的影响。结果表明：(1)2000~2016年期间,贵州高原植被NDVI在空间上呈东高西低的分布特征,高值分布于野生动植物及自然保护区等,低值分布于湿地保护工程区。NDVI总体呈上升趋势,湿地保护工程区、退耕还林工程区等植被覆盖上升速率较快,野生动植物及自然保护区呈略微的下降趋势。(2)植被改善区域(83.74%)分布于研究区边缘及西北部,退化区域(16.26%)分布于研究区中部和东南部,其中退耕还林还草工程区植被改善最为明显,野生动植物保护及自然保护区和速生丰产工程区改善效果较差。(3)从气侯因素分析来看,气温和降水在总体上与NDVI均呈正相关,气温对贵州高原植被生长的影响大于降水。(4) 从人类活动分析来看,人类活动对植被的建设作用强于破坏作用,人类活动正作用（76.68%）主要分布于西北部,负作用（23.32%）集中分布于东南部。植被覆盖增加是气候因素和人类活动共同作用的结果,人类活动对植被的贡献率为75.53%,气候因素为24.47%。     

Health risk assessment of heavy metals in Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae) from the upper Mekong River

The purposes of this research are to quantify the concentration of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, As, Pb, Cd, and Hg) in the water and fish tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the upper Mekong River and to thereby elucidate the potential dietary health risks from fish consumption of local residents. Surface water and fish tissues (gill, muscle, liver, and intestine) from four representative sample areas (influence by a cascade of four dams) along the river were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations. Results revealed that the levels of heavy metals in fish were tissue-dependent. The highest Cu and As levels were found in the liver; the highest Zn and Pb levels occurred in the intestine, and the highest Hg level was found in the muscle. The total target hazard quotient (THQ) value for residents is > 1 for long-term fish consumption, and local residents are, therefore, exposed to a significant health risk. Results from the current study provide an overall understanding of the spatial and tissue distribution of heavy metals in water and fish body along the upper Mekong River under the influence of cascade dams and highlight the potential health risk of As for the local residents of long-term fish consumption.

     

盐效萃取法从电子产品清洗废液中回收异丙醇

用盐效萃取法从电子产品清洗废液中回收片丙醇,考察了碳酸钾水溶液与该清洗废液的质量比对脱水率的影响,测定了异丙醇-水-碳酸钾体系存40℃时的液液相平衡数据,用Pitzer理论和NRTL方程对液液相平衡数据进行了理论计算。结果表明：当质量分数为60．00％的碳酸钾水溶液与该废液的质晕比为2．00时,脱水率高达90．00％;将有机相进行精馏可得到质量分数为99．50％的异丙醇;计算值与实测值接近,水相和有机相的绝对平均偏差分别为0．62％和0．46％。     

改进的灰色关联投影法在大气环境质量评价中的应用

大气环境质量评价具有多指标的特点,且各指标的属性、重要程度和可比性都不相同,使得方案比选具有明显的不确定性。通过采用适应不同环境的分辨系数和基于信息熵的权重计算,来改进灰色关联投影方法,使得大气环境质量评价更加客观、公正和准确。最后用实例论证该方法是有效可行的。     

春季健康养生之道

春季是生发的季节,天气由寒转暖,自然界各种生物萌生发育,弃故从新。中医认为,受四季之气影响,人体的气血阴阳会随之发生变化。春季阳气始生,气血渐趋于表,毛孔初开,血气稍减,所以有“困”的感觉。夏季阳气流溢,气血通达于表,毛孔开,汗大泄,所以常有“昏昏欲睡”的感觉。而秋季阳气始衰,阴气始生,气血渐趋于里,但充而不实,所以仍有“乏”的感觉。