全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4713篇 |
免费 | 187篇 |
国内免费 | 1643篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 311篇 |
废物处理 | 288篇 |
环保管理 | 350篇 |
综合类 | 2423篇 |
基础理论 | 778篇 |
污染及防治 | 1829篇 |
评价与监测 | 173篇 |
社会与环境 | 186篇 |
灾害及防治 | 205篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 79篇 |
2022年 | 234篇 |
2021年 | 173篇 |
2020年 | 121篇 |
2019年 | 121篇 |
2018年 | 187篇 |
2017年 | 212篇 |
2016年 | 224篇 |
2015年 | 255篇 |
2014年 | 373篇 |
2013年 | 496篇 |
2012年 | 375篇 |
2011年 | 434篇 |
2010年 | 312篇 |
2009年 | 288篇 |
2008年 | 303篇 |
2007年 | 249篇 |
2006年 | 262篇 |
2005年 | 188篇 |
2004年 | 148篇 |
2003年 | 155篇 |
2002年 | 159篇 |
2001年 | 147篇 |
2000年 | 155篇 |
1999年 | 141篇 |
1998年 | 152篇 |
1997年 | 114篇 |
1996年 | 106篇 |
1995年 | 81篇 |
1994年 | 65篇 |
1993年 | 58篇 |
1992年 | 53篇 |
1991年 | 26篇 |
1990年 | 35篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有6543条查询结果,搜索用时 797 毫秒
681.
The effects of the aeration, seeding, and agitation on the composting of vegetable waste were studied in a laboratory-scale reactor. Experimental results showed that the final product at the end of a 4-day composting period met multiple maturity indices suggested by many researchers. The evolution of carbon dioxide during the composting process could be modelled with a modified Gompertz equation that described the bacteria growth successfully. Multivariate regression analysis was used to study the effects of operating parameters on the carbon conversion. The response surface contour plots were constructed using the regression equation for the examination of the dependence of carbon conversion on operating parameters. The maximum carbon conversion of 14.54% was obtained when the percentage of seeding was set at 14.5%, the air suction rate was set at 2.6 L kg(-1) dry-solid min(-1), and the agitator operated half of the time, alternating on and off for every 5 min. Future work will focus on the application of the data and the experience gained in this work to composters of pilot and semi-commercial scales. 相似文献
682.
Differences in nitrous oxide fluxes from red soil under different land uses in mid-subtropical China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shan LinJaved Iqbal Ronggui Hu Leilei RuanJinshui Wu Jinsong ZhaoPengju Wang 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2012,146(1):168-178
Red soil may play an important role in nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions due to its recent land use change pattern. To predict the land use change effect on N2O emissions, we examined the relationship between soil N2O flux and environmental determinants in four different types of land uses in subtropical red soil. During two years of study (January 2005-January 2007), biweekly N2O fluxes were measured from 09:00 to 11:00 a.m. using static closed chamber method. Objectives were to estimate the seasonal and annual N2O flux differences from land use change and, reveal the controlling factors of soil N2O emission by studying the relationship of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), water filled pore space (WFPS) and soil temperature with soil N2O flux. Nitrous oxide fluxes were significantly higher in hot-humid season than in the cool-dry season. Significant differences in soil N2O fluxes were observed among four land uses; 2.9, 1.9 and 1.7 times increased N2O emissions were observed after conventional land use conversion from woodland to paddy, orchard and upland, respectively. The mean annual budgets of N2O emission were 0.71-2.21 kg N2O-N ha−1 year−1 from four land use types. The differences were partly attributed to increased fertilizer use in agriculture land uses. In all land uses, N2O fluxes were positively related to soil temperature and DOC accounting for 22-48% and 30-46% of the seasonal N2O flux variability, respectively. Nitrous oxide fluxes did significantly correlate with WFPS in orchard and upland only. Nitrous oxide fluxes responded positively to MBC in all land use types except orchard which had the lowest WFPS. We conclude that (1) land use conversion from woodland to agriculture land uses leads to increased soil N2O fluxes, partly due increased fertilizer use, and (2) irrespective of land use, soil N2O fluxes are under environmental controls, the main variables being soil temperature and DOC, both of which control the supply of nitrification and denitrification substrates. 相似文献
683.
High-pressure homogenization (HPH) technology was applied as a pretreatment to disintegrate sewage sludge. The effects of homogenization pressure, homogenization cycle number, and total solid content on sludge disintegration were investigated. The sludge disintegration degree (DDCOD), protein concentration, and polysaccharide concentration increased with the increase of homogenization pressure and homogenization cycle number, and decreased with the increase of sludge total solid (TS) content. The maximum DDCOD of 43.94% was achieved at 80 MPa with four homogenization cycles for a 9.58 g/L TS sludge sample. A HPH sludge disintegration model of DDCOD= kNaPb was established by multivariable linear regression to quantify the effects of homogenization parameters. The homogenization cycle exponent a and homogenization pressure exponent b were 0.4763 and 0.7324 respectively, showing that the effect of homogenization pressure (P) was more significant than that of homogenization cycle number (N). The value of the rate constant k decreased with the increase of sludge total solid content. The specific energy consumption increased with the increment of sludge disintegration efficiency. Lower specific energy consumption was required for higher total solid content sludge. 相似文献
684.
Shanxian Wang Xiaojun Li Wan Liu Peijun Li Lingxue Kong Wenjie Ren Haiyan Wu Ying Tu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(9):1662-1669
Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is very difficult in saline-alkaline soil due to the inhibition of microbial growth under saline-alkaline stress. The microorganisms that can most effectively degrade PAHs were screened by introducing microorganisms immobilized on farm byproducts and assessing the validity of the immobilizing technique for PAHs degradation in pyrene-contaminated saline-alkaline soil. Among the microorganisms examined, it was found that Mycobacterium sp. B2 is the best, and can degrade 82.2% and 83.2% of pyrene for free and immobilized cells after 30 days of incubation. The immobilization technique could increase the degradation of pyrene significantly, especially for fungi. The degradation of pyrene by the immobilized microorganisms Mucor sp. F2, fungal consortium MF and co-cultures of MB+MF was increased by 161.7% (P < 0.05), 60.1% (P < 0.05) and 59.6% (P < 0.05) after 30 days, respectively, when compared with free F2, MF and MB+MF. Scanning electron micrographs of the immobilized microstructure proved the positive effects of the immobilized microbial technique on pyrene remediation in saline-alkaline soil, as the interspace of the carrier material structure was relatively large, providing enough space for cell growth. Co-cultures of different bacterial and fungal species showed different abilities to degrade PAHs. The present study suggests that Mycobacterium sp. B2 can be employed for in situ bioremediation of PAHs in saline-alkaline soil, and immobilization of fungi on farm byproducts and nutrients as carriers will enhance fungus PAH-degradation ability in saline-alkaline soil. 相似文献
685.
686.
687.
688.
为构建一种能够高效、同时吸附水中多种重金属离子的大肠杆菌,利用融合蛋白表达技术,首先将大肠杆菌前脂蛋白信号肽Lpp、膜蛋白OmpA的N端部分氨基酸和铁硫簇组装蛋白IscA的编码基因序列进行融合,构建pET-Lpp-OmpA-IscA表达载体,将此载体导入大肠杆菌BL21菌株.在IPTG诱导下,IscA蛋白可表达于细胞膜表面.然后对IscA膜表面表达菌株对重金属的吸附能力进行评估,包括测定最大吸附容量、绘制吸附浓度依赖曲线和时间依赖曲线,以及对菌株清除工业污水中重金属的性能进行初步探索.研究结果表明,与本底对照菌株相比,IscA蛋白在细胞膜表面表达能够使菌株对水中的Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、As~(3+)、Co~(2+)、Hg~(2+)这7种重金属的吸附能力提高2~5倍不等,并且在pH为6~8范围内保持其吸附能力基本不变.此菌株能够在30 min内将各种重金属溶液中超标5倍的金属含量降低至最大允许排放浓度以下,并且对吸附的重金属具有不同程度的回收能力和菌株再生能力.此外,该菌株能够同时吸附工业污水中的多种重金属,有效降低各种重金属含量.因此,利用膜表面表达技术对大肠杆菌进行改造,成功提高了大肠杆菌对多种重金属的吸附能力,为利用微生物治理环境重金属污染提供了良好的应用前景. 相似文献
689.
Chengdu is a megacity in the southwest of China with high ozone (O3) mixing ratio. Observation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), NO2 and O3 with high temporal resolution was conducted in Chengdu to investigate the chemical processes and causes of high O3 levels. The hourly mixing ratios of VOCs, NO2, and O3 were monitored by an online system from 28 August to 7 October, 2016. According to meteorological conditions, Chengdu, with relative warm weather and low wind speed, is favorable to O3 formation. Part of the O3 in Chengdu may be transported from the downtown area. In O3 episodes, the average mixing ratios of NO2 and O3 were 20.20?ppbv and 47.95?ppbv, respectively. In non-O3 episodes, the average mixing ratios of NO2 and O3 were 16.38?ppbv and 35.15?ppbv, respectively. The average mixing ratio of total VOCs (TVOCs) was 40.29?ppbv in non-O3 episodes, which was lower than that in O3 episodes (53.19?ppbv). Alkenes comprised 51.7% of the total O3 formation potential (OFP) in Chengdu, followed by aromatics which accounted for 24.2%. Ethylene, trans-pentene, propene, and BTEX (benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, m/p-xylene, o-xylene) were also major contributors to the OFP in Chengdu. In O3 episodes, intensive secondary formations were observed during the campaign. Oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), such as acetone, Methylethylketone (MEK), and Methylvinylketone (MVK) were abundant. Isoprene rapidly converted to MVK and Methacrolein (MACR) during O3 episodes. Acetone was mainly the oxidant of C3-C5 hydrocarbons. 相似文献
690.
Tianlong Zheng Peng Li Xiaoyu M Xiaohong Sun Chuanfu Wu Qunhui Wang Ming Gao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(3):336-345
A pilot-scale multilevel contact oxidation reactors system, coupled with saran lock carriers,was applied for the treatment of poultry farm wastewater. The removal efficiencies of CODcr, ammonia, and the total nitrogen as well as the elimination performance of CODcr and total nitrogen along the three-level contact oxidation tanks under six designed operational models were investigated. Based on the performance of the nitrogen removal of the saran lock carriers and the distribution of anoxic–aerobic interspace under the suitable operation model, the mechanism of nitrogen removal of the system was also explored. The results revealed that the intermittent aeration under parallel model is the most suitable operation model, while the removal efficiencies of CODcr, ammonia, and the total nitrogen were 86.86%, 84.04%, and 80.96%, respectively. The effluent concentration of CODcr,ammonia, and the total nitrogen were 55.6 mg/L, 8.3 mg/L, and 12.0 mg/L, which satisfy both the discharge standard of pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding industry(GB18596–2001) and the first grade of the integrated wastewater discharge standard(GB 8978–1996). Moreover, the mechanism for the nitrogen removal should be attributed to the plenty of anoxic–aerobic interspaces of the biofilm and the three-dimensional spiral structure of the saran lock carriers, where the oxygen-deficient distribution was suitable for the happening of the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process. Therefore, the multilevel contact oxidation tanks system is an effective pathway for the treatment of the poultry farm wastewater on the strength of a suitable operation model and novel carriers. 相似文献