Variation of MCPA, metribuzine, methyltriazine-amine and glyphosate degradation, sorption, mineralization and leaching in different soil horizons

Pesticide mineralization and sorption were determined in 75 soil samples from 15 individually drilled holes through the vadose zone along a 28 km long transect of the Danish outwash plain. Mineralization of the phenoxyacetic acid herbicide MCPA was high both in topsoils and in most subsoils, while metribuzine and methyltriazine-amine was always low. Organic matter and soil pH was shown to be responsible for sorption of MCPA and metribuzine in the topsoils. The sorption of methyltriazine-amine in topsoil was positively correlated with clay and negatively correlated with the pH of the soil. Sorption of glyphosate was tested also high in the subsoils. One-dimensional MACRO modeling of the concentration of MCPA, metribuzine and methyltriazine-amine at 2 m depth calculated that the average concentration of MCPA and methyltriazine-amine in the groundwater was below the administrative limit of 0.1 μg/l in all tested profiles while metribuzine always exceeded the 0.1 μg/l threshold value.     

Sorption of phenanthrene by dissolved organic matter and its complex with aluminum oxide nanoparticles

Intent of this study was to explore the potential application of polymerin, the polymeric, dissolved organic matter fraction from olive oil wastewaters, in technologies aimed at remediating hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) point-source pollution. Phenanthrene binding with polymerin was investigated. Moreover, the effect of addition of micro and nanoscale aluminum oxides (Al₂O₃) was studied, as well as sorption of polymerin on the oxides. Phenanthrene binding capacity by polymerin was notably higher than the sorption capacities for both types of Al₂O₃ particles. Polymerin sorption on nanoparticles was nearly 100 times higher than microparticles. In a three-phase system, using microparticles, higher phenanthrene sorption was found by adding into water polymerin, oxides and phenanthrene simultaneously. In contrast, using nanoparticles, a considerable enhancement of phenanthrene sorption was shown by adding phenanthrene to a pre-formed and dried polymerin-oxide complex. These findings support the application of polymerin, especially associated with Al₂O₃ nanoparticles, in remediation of water contaminated with HOCs. This work highlights the significant role of nanoparticles.     

三峡库区大宁河流域非点源污染研究

以大宁河流域巫溪水文站控制流域为研究对象,应用分布式非点源污染模型SWAT,利用实测流量、泥沙负荷及氮、磷负荷数据对模型进行了率定和验证,并模拟了大宁河流域的径流量和营养物质氮、磷的排放.结果表明,月平均流量在率定期和验证期的效率系数分别达到了0.93和0.62;泥沙负荷的效率系数分别为0.70和0.34;氨氮和总磷的效率系数分别达到了0.31和0.37.大宁河流域污染物质的排放存在着较大的空间差异,有机氮和有机磷的5年平均排放量区间分别为2.01～38.15和0.35～5.89 ks/(hm2·a),其中,流域西南部子流域的有机氮和有机磷平均排放量最大,分别为38.15和5.89 ks/(hm2·a),是大宁河流域污染物排放的最敏感区域.     

不同重要性建筑的名义基准期取值合理性研究

用名义基准期来标定建筑的重要性类别的方法能够直观体现重要性类别的不同,通过分析比较了我国抗震设计规范与文中所提方法在规定不同重要性建筑的设防参数方面的差别,并重点对17个同家的和文中所提方法计算的不同重要性建筑的地震作用进行分析比较之后,发现所提方法确定的不同重要性建筑地震作用的比值与美国、日本、欧洲等多数国家均比较接近,从而定量地验证了所提方法确定的名义基准期取值的合理性.该方法目前已经被我国<建筑工程抗震性态设计通则(试用)>(CECS 160:2004)采用.     

防震减灾中卫星遥感技术应用分析

卫星遥感技术在减轻自然灾害中发押了十分重要的作用,但也不得不指出,卫星遥感技术在防震减灾工作中,无论在国内或国外均尚未得到有效的应用。这一方面固然是由于地震事件十分复杂,地震孕育和发生的规律尚未搞清,难以发挥卫得遥感技术的作用,另一方面也由中以使用的卫星技术的分辨率还不够高,重复观察的周期长,限制了这一技术在防震减灾工作中的应用。有鉴于近感技术的分辨率还不够高,重复观察的周期长,限制了这一技术在防     

Fluorine distribution in aquatic environment and its health effect in the Western Region of the Songnen Plain, Northeast China

Endemic fluorosis was investigated and studied in the west region of the Songnen plain, Northeast China in 2001–2002. The results showed that the fluorine distribution in aquatic environment was that the fluorine concentrations in the lake water and unconfined ground water were higher than that in the river water and confined ground water. The lake water (Alkali lake) is connected with unconfined ground water. In unconfined ground water, from the east and southeast areas to the west and the northwest areas of the plain, fluorine concentration fluctuated with high and low alternatively. The fluorine in the water comes from the weathering of rocks and minerals in the mountains and hills around the Songnen Plain. The main influence factors of the fluorine distribution in aquatic environment are discussed. Unconfined ground water containing high fluorine is used as drinking water. In this region, the fluorine concentration in drinking water is evidently correlated to the morbidity of dental and skeletal fluorosis. High fluorine concentration in drinking water has endangered human health.     

Degradation of octylphenol and nonylphenol by ozone - part I: direct reaction

This aqueous reaction between ozone and two alkylphenols (APs), namely octylphenol (OP) and nonylphenol (NP), has been investigated. Both compounds are important endocrine disrupting chemicals, which arise from the biodegradation of alkylphenol ethoxylates and are often found at relatively high concentrations in wastewater effluents. In this paper the results of an experimental study are presented which provide values for the reaction rate constants between molecular ozone and undissociated OP and NP, and overall reaction rate constants for the degradation of the two APs at pH values in the range of 7-9. The kinetic rate constants for OP and NP degradation by molecular ozone were 4.33(+/-0.18) x 10(4) and 3.90(+/-0.10) x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1), and the reaction stoichiometry was similar in both cases and equal to approximately 1.3:1 ([O3]:[AP]). The overall second order reaction rate constants for the two APs increased significantly with increasing pH, which is believed to be mainly due to the increasing influence of indirect radical reaction with increasing pH; this aspect is considered in more detail in a companion paper. A preliminary investigation of the reaction mechanism suggests that an initial product of ozonation is hydroxyl-alkyl phenol.     

天津市环境监测元数据模式

元数据技术是目前环境监测信息管理的发展趋势 ,文章对基于元数据的天津市环境监测信息共享模式进行了探索与研究 ,提出了元数据系统功能及内容框架的解决方案。     

近15年来长江口控制站徐六泾悬沙变化特征研究

基于近15年的实测数据,分析给出了长江河口控制站徐六泾悬沙浓度和组成的变化特性。研究表明：徐六泾站多年平均表层（2003～2017年）、中层和底层（2010～2017年）含沙量分别为0.07、0.07和0.13 g/L;表层（2004～2017年）、中层和底层（2009～2017年）的中值粒径分别为7.3、9.4和11.0 μm。研究期间,年平均含沙量呈显著下降趋势,洪季较枯季降幅更明显。其中2015～2017年均洪枯季表层含沙量较2003～2005年均值分别降低了57%和20%;表层含沙量在2008年出现明显降低的拐点,2008年之后的洪枯季表层含沙量较之前分别降低56%和44%。悬沙粒度具有一定的波动变化,但没有显著趋势性变化特征,或与样本数量限制和流域内人类活动有关。     

农户生态耕种采纳意愿及其异质性分析——基于TPB框架的实证研究

生态耕种对改善农业生态环境、提升耕地保护成效和保障农作物质量安全起着重要作用。基于江西省11市47县（区）1 488份农户微观调查数据,在计划行为理论指导下,运用Logistic回归模型对农户生态耕种采纳意愿的影响因素开展实证研究。研究结果表明：（1）有89.85%的样本农户表示愿意采纳生态耕种,并对生态耕种的收益预期和推广预期维持在较高水平;（2）行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制对农户生态耕种采纳意愿有着显著的影响,其中,生态耕种推广预期、生产交流、邻里效应、政策补贴和技术培训变量是影响农户采纳意愿的关键因素;（3）不同限定条件下,农户生态耕种采纳意愿影响因素具有差异性,其中收益预期、信息传播力度和技术培训对低推广预期农户生态耕种采纳意愿影响更强;风险预期越低,对缺乏交流农户的采纳意愿影响更大;邻里效应小的农户主要受信息传播力度和技术培训的影响;需要政策补贴的农户,生产交流越频繁,邻里效应越强,其采纳愿望更强烈;参加了培训的农户,影响其采纳意愿的因素主要有收益预期与信息传播力度。政府应在加强生态耕种宣传与推广、搭建农户生产交流平台、完善生态耕种补贴与激励政策等方面制定针对性的措施。