铀胁迫对5种牧草种子萌发的影响

为进一步探究放射性重金属铀污染环境对植物种子萌芽及生长所产生的迫害,根据我国铀矿冶废水中铀的质量浓度(5 mg/L)选择不同质量浓度(0、1 mg/L、5 mg/L、10 mg/L、15 mg/L、20 mg/L)的铀溶液进行试验,用以胁迫5种1年生牧草(三叶草、苜蓿草、黑麦草、高丹草和苏丹草)种子,同时观察记录各自的萌发状况(发芽数和第7 d幼苗生长长度),计算其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数(GI)、活力指数(VI)及耐性指数,并与对照组进行量化指标比较。最后比较各牧草种子所受到的危害并做出评价。结果表明:对于不同程度的铀污染,多数植物表现为低质量浓度促进其种子萌发,高质量浓度则严重抑制甚至致死。对于三叶草、苜蓿草和黑麦草种子,低质量浓度(1 mg/L)铀溶液促进种子的萌发,质量浓度升高则为抑制,其中黑麦草表现稍异常,质量浓度为5 mg/L时对种子萌发有促进作用,使最终发芽率较对照提升14%;对于高丹草,低质量浓度(5 mg/L)时促进种子萌发,而在质量浓度稍低于或超过5 mg/L时表现出明显的抑制现象,各指标低于对照13%左右;苏丹草则仅呈现抑制现象,铀质量浓度为5mg/L时抑制现象稍轻,最终发芽率较对照组仅降4%,小于或大于5mg/L时均受抑制,且质量浓度越高抑制现象越明显,最终发芽率最高仅28%。     

强化曝气对潜流人工湿地堵塞物分布规律的影响

构建曝气及未曝气潜流人工湿地小试实验系统,研究曝气对人工湿地堵塞物组分及分布规律的影响.结果表明:两系统中堵塞物组成均以无机物为主,曝气对堵塞物累积总量影响不大,但对堵塞物化学组分影响较大,使堵塞物中有机物组分比例降低.未曝气及曝气系统堵塞物平均累积量分别为5.18 mg·g~(-1)及5.21 mg·g~(-1),有机物所占比例分别为28.4%和15.6%.曝气对堵塞物在水平及深度方向的分布影响不大,两系统均表现为底层累积物含量略高于表层,出水端累积物含量略高于进水端.电镜及能谱分析结果显示,受溶解氧因素的影响,两系统中表层填料元素种类均较底层丰富,且曝气系统较未曝气系统丰富.     

Short-term effects of air pollution on daily hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases in western China

Controlling the confounding factors on cardiovascular diseases, such as long-time trend, calendar effect, and meteorological factors, a generalized additive model (GAM) was used to investigate the short-term effects of air pollutants (PM₁₀, SO₂, and NO₂) on daily cardiovascular admissions from March 1st to May 31st during 2007 to 2011 in Lanzhou, a heavily polluted city in western China. The influences of air pollutants were examined with different lag structures, and the potential effect modification by dust storm in spring was also investigated. Significant associations were found between air pollutants and hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases both on dust event days and non-dust event days in spring. Air pollutants had lag effects on different age and gender groups. Relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with a 10 μg/m³ increase were 1.14 (1.04~1.26) on lag1 for PM₁₀, 1.31 (1.21~1.51) on lag01 for SO₂, and 1.96 (1.49~2.57) on lag02 for NO₂ on dust days. Stronger effects of air pollutants were observed for females and the elderly (≥60 years). Our analysis concluded that the effects of air pollutants on cardiovascular admissions on dust days were significantly stronger than non-dust days. The current study strengthens the evidence of effects of air pollution on health and dust-exacerbated cardiovascular admissions in Lanzhou.     

抓住历史机遇，开创环保产业发展新局面

本文为作者在中德环境大会上向企业界代表讲话主要内容：中国环保产业的现状及发展前景。     

当前我国模板支架安全性现状分析

我国高大模板支架的安全问题令人担忧,除了用安全系数来评价安全程度外,提出一种新的评价方法,用安全裕度来评价支架实际的安全程度和设计安全水准关系。给出了我国当前高质量的模板支架、一般水平的模板支架和极差水平模板支架的安全水准,在分析了搭设质量对模板支架安全度影响的基础上,指出为了抵抗搭设质量方面的问题,较为富余的安全储备是必需的。     

填埋场底土污染物浓度实测值和理论解的比较

为了研究现场条件下污染物在粘性土中的运移机理,对运行13年的苏州七子山填埋场进行了钻孔取样.通过对土样进行分层切片、加去离子水混合并结合室内小型离心机分离,得到了填埋场底土中Cl-,Na+及COD的孔隙水浓度.将室内试验测试值和一维扩散理论进行了比较,结果表明,实测浓度剖面与扩散曲线差别较大,可见水力梯度引起的对流和机械弥散作用比分子扩散作用来得重要.将实测值与一维对流弥散解析解的计算值亦进行了比较,结果表明试验数据较为发散,但可以采用一维对流弥散理论进行大致的拟合,从而可得到运移参数的取值范围.进一步的理论预测表明,当填埋场运行30年之后,Cl-的影响深度可达到10 m以上.为了防止和延缓渗滤液污染物的进一步运移,填埋场应采取有效措施阻止渗滤液的扩散.     

煤层底板隐伏陷落柱突水预测及采前注浆加固评价

华北型煤矿开采受底板岩溶强含水层威胁，通过对淮南张集矿1613A工作面底板隐伏岩溶陷落柱突水危险性分析，采用FLAC3D方法模拟采动条件下岩溶陷落柱活化过程。模拟结果显示:陷落柱上方的煤层底板岩体发生塑性变形，导致陷落柱附近岩体失稳，陷落柱筒壁产生局部剪切破坏，剪切破坏位置易导致奥灰强含水层发生陷落柱突水。采前采用注浆方法改造岩溶陷落柱，对改造后的陷落柱进行数值模拟分析，其内部注浆岩体对陷落柱筒壁具有良好的支撑作用，抑制了筒壁位置剪切破坏的发生，使有效隔水层厚度增大，降低了陷落柱突水的危险性。     

A TiO2/crosslinked carboxymethyl starch composite for high-efficiency adsorption and photodegradation of cationic golden yellow X-GL dye

In this paper, a crosslinked carboxymethyl starch (CCMS) was prepared with corn starch as the raw material, epichlorohydrin as the crosslinking agent, and chloroacetic acid as the etherifying agent through a series of crosslinking, alkalization, and etherification reactions, respectively. Nano-TiO₂ was loaded onto the surface of the CCMS by the sol-gel method to obtain a TiO₂/CCMS composite. The TiO₂/CCMS composite was characterized by XPS, XRD, SEM, and BET. XPS showed that the surface chemical composition of the TiO₂/CCMS composite material contained titanium; XRD diffraction patterns indicated that the crystal form of the TiO₂/CCMS composite was a combination of the CCMS and anatase TiO₂. The surface morphology obtained by SEM showed that there were nano-TiO₂ particles on the surface of the CCMS. The specific surface area of the TiO₂/CCMS composite was larger than that of CCMS. The adsorption-photodegradation performance of the TiO₂/CCMS composite was also studied under UV irradiation, and the results showed that significant adsorption-photodegradation synergies occurred.

     

危险度评价法与蒙德法在焦化装置中的对比应用研究

通过危险度评价法与蒙德法评分项目的比较分析,得出危险度评价法中的压力、温度和操作参数,反映在蒙德法中,表现为特殊工艺危险性的评分项,这表明利用简单、直观的危险度评价法,在一定程度上,可以表征复杂单元的危险性大小,且与蒙德法的评价相一致.以焦化装置为例子,首先只针对压力、温度和操作三个参数,运用两种评价法分别进行评价,得出的结论相一致,验证了上述结论；然后分别用两种方法对焦化装置进行评价,分析对比结果,危险度评价法在参数选取和运行中,更加简单直观,可以为蒙德法提供装置各单元危险性高低的依据并缩小评价的范围.蒙德法是危险度评价的拓展与延伸,它将危险度评价法得出的危险性高的单元,更深入的找出导致危险性高的原因与参数.