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991.
992.
993.
高效厌氧产甲烷颗粒污泥中微生物多样性及定量化研究 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
以小试高效厌氧反应器不同运行阶段的颗粒污泥为对象,利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)、荧光原位杂交(FISH)和实时定量链式聚合酶反应(RTQ-PCR)等技术研究了其中微生物种群的多样性、特征微生物的空间分布和定量关系,结果表明:随着反应器有机负荷逐渐提高,颗粒污泥中古菌的群落结构的变化较细菌更为明显;细菌多分布在颗粒外层,而古菌则主要分布在颗粒内层;古菌含量略少于细菌,但有逐渐增多的趋势;产甲烷丝菌在古菌中的含量增加明显. 相似文献
994.
In this study, a series of acrylic ester resins were prepared and characterized. The adsorption behaviors of sodium 6-dodecyl benzenesulfonate (6-NaDBS) on styrene resin XAD-4 and acrylic ester resins have been studied. As compared to commercial acrylic ester resins Amberlite XAD-7 and Diaion HP2MG, YWB-38, one of the as-prepared resins, exhibits better adsorption properties toward 6-NaDBS. The experimental equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir and double-Langmuir models. The two models provide very good fit for all acrylic ester resins over the temperature range studied, whereas fitted results for styrene resin XAD-4 are less accurate. The investigation indicates that the adsorbate molecules are directly adsorbed on acrylic ester resins as a bi-layer, while the molecules are adsorbed on XAD-4 as monolayer formation followed by the establishment of bi-layer. Adsorption kinetics and elution processes were also investigated for further exploring the adsorption behavior and mechanism on styrene resin XAD-4 and YWB-38. 相似文献
995.
上海城市街道灰尘重金属铅污染现状及评价 总被引:28,自引:5,他引:23
对上海市区和郊区城镇中心街道灰尘中铅的含量水平进行了研究,并应用克里格插值法分析了市区街道灰尘中铅的空间分布特征,结果表明:市区街道灰尘中铅的含量为28~4443 mg·kg-1,平均含量为264 mg·kg-1,为上海土壤环境背景值的10.4倍;郊区城镇中心街道灰尘中铅的含量为155~364 mg·kg-1,平均含量为237 mg·kg-1,为环境背景值的9.3倍;市区内环线以内黄浦江两岸区域铅污染较为严重,平均含量为359 mg·kg-1;铅污染中心主要位于商业区和交通干道,平均含量分别为642和520 mg·kg-1.地积累指数法和铅污染指数法的评价结果表明:上海城市街道灰尘中铅污染整体上处于中度污染水平,其中,市区内环线以内黄浦江两岸区域街道灰尘中铅污染处于偏重污染水平.研究结果以期为上海市的城市环境污染防治和城市规划提供重要的科学依据. 相似文献
996.
久效磷对黄鳝乙酰胆碱酯酶、羧酸酯酶和磷酸酶活性的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用静态急性毒性实验方法,研究了久效磷对黄鳝脑乙酰胆碱酯酶及肝脏、肾脏羧酸酯酶、碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶活性的影响.结果表明,在水温(20±2)℃条件下,经0.25 mg·L-1、0.50 mg·L-1、1.00mg·L-1和2.00mg·L-1的久效磷暴露96 h,黄鳝肝脏、肾脏羧酸酯酶和脑乙酰胆碱酯酶活性均显著下降,但两者表现出不同的抑制模式.随着暴露质量浓度的升高,肝脏和肾脏羧酸酯酶活性的下降幅度逐渐变小,而脑乙酰胆碱酯酶活性下降幅度却由小变大.久效磷暴露黄鳝96 h,肝脏、肾脏酸性磷酸酶活性均升高;而肝脏碱性磷酸酶活性升高;肾脏碱性磷酸酶活性降低.久效磷暴露质量浓度与脑乙酰胆碱酯酶和肝脏、肾脏羧酸酯酶活性之间具有剂量-效应关系,酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶可能在鱼体抵御有机磷农药毒性作用中有着重要的作用,其机理有待进一步研究.此外,本文还探讨了有机磷农药靶标酶乙酰胆碱酯酶和解毒酶羧酸酯酶、磷酸酶之间的相关性. 相似文献
997.
采用机械共混法制备了EVA/CSM复合材料.系统地研究了EVA与CSM的混合比率、CSM交联及不同阻燃体系对复合材料阻燃性质的影响.结果表明,掺杂阻燃剂之后,复合材料都具有很好的阻燃性能,其中使用Sb2O3/氯乙醇混合阻燃体系,阻燃效果最好,且复合材料交联后,阻燃性能会进一步增强.同时研究了各种因素,如交联、混合比率和处理温度对复合材料收缩率的影响.当CSM含量较高或拉伸温度处于室温,收缩率都较好;而交联前,加入阻燃剂会使复合材料收缩性能降低;反之,交联后使之增加. 相似文献
998.
Phytoremediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soils by Rorippa globosa Using Two-Phase Planting (5 pp) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Background Phytoextraction of contaminated soils by heavy metals can provide a great promise of commercial development. Although there
are more than 400 species of hyperaccumulators found in the world, phytoremediation technology is rarely applied in field
practice for remedying contaminated soils, partially due to low biomass and long growth duration for most of discovered hyperaccumulating
plants. In order to enhance the metal-removing efficiency in a year, the two-phase planting countermeasure of phytoextraction
by harvesting anthesis biomass was investigated on the basis of the newly found Cd-hyperaccumulator Rorippa globosa (Turcz.)
Thell. with 107.0 and 150.1 mg/kg of the Cd accumulation in stems and leaves, respectively, when soil Cd added was concentrated
to 25.0 mg/kg.
Methods The field pot-culture experiment was used to observe the distribution property of R. globosa aboveground biomass and to examine
characteristics of accumulating Cd by the plant at different growth stages. The concentration of Cd in plants and soils was
determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS).
Results and Discussion The results indicated that the total dry stem and leaf biomass of R. globosa harvested at the flowering phase was up to 92.3%
of that at its full maturity and the concentration of Cd in stems and leaves harvested at the flowering phase was up to 73.8%
and 87.7% of that at the mature phase, respectively. The Cd-removing ratio by shoots of R. globosa harvested at the flowering
phase was up to 71.4% of that at the mature phase. It was also found, by observing the growth duration of R. globosa, that
the frostless period at the experiment site was twice as long as the growth time from the seedling-transplanted phase to the
flowering phase of the hyperaccumulator.
Conclusion R. globosa could be transplanted into contaminated soils twice in one year by harvesting the hyperaccumulator at its flowering
phase based on climatic conditions of the site and traits of the plant growth. In this sense, the extraction efficiency of
Cd in shoots of R. globosa increased 42.8% compared to that of at its single maturity when the plant was transplanted into
contaminated soils after it had been harvested at its flowering phase and the plant accumulated Cd from soil at the same extraction
ratio at its second flowering phase. Thus, the method of anthesis biomass regulation by the two-phase planting is very significant
to increase the Cd-removing efficiency by phytoremediation used in practice over the course of a year.
Recommendation and Outlook As for some hyperaccumulators that the growth duration from the seedling-transplanted phase to the flowering phase are short
and the concentrations of heavy metals accumulated in their shoots at the flowering phase are high, the efficiency of phytoremediation
can greatly be improved using the method of the two-phase planting. 相似文献
999.
近年来我国大气重污染频发,严重影响民生,其中以京津冀最为严重.2017年"总理基金"启动,同年冬防效果显著.衡水市作为"2+26"城市之一,空气质量排名常年处于倒数十名之内.经过2017年的冬防,空气质量明显改善,衡水市大气污染的改善在"2+26"城市中很具有代表性.本文以衡水作为切入点,利用后向轨迹和浓度权重轨迹分析(CWT)探讨了2017年衡水冬防效果及潜在源区变化,分别从气象轨迹和本地排放初探了潜在原因.结果表明,2017年冬防效果显著,PM_(2.5)浓度降低33%,优良天数增加32 d,重污染天数减少22 d.PM_(10)浓度降低41%,优良天数增加40 d.2017年冬季PM_(2.5)潜在源区由2016年同期衡水北部及以北地区向衡水南部及以南地区转移.PM_(10)潜在源分布变化与PM_(2.5)相似.两年气象条件的对比结果表明,气象变化较小,对潜在源分布影响不大,本地排放是潜在源区分布变化的主要原因,其中衡水北部工业锅炉和扬尘减排量显著高于衡水南部.研究表明,2017年衡水冬防效果显著,相比于气象条件,本地排放对大气颗粒污染及来源影响更大,本研究可为"2+26"城市大气颗粒污染研究提供参考. 相似文献
1000.
以某城市为例,研究城市建筑泥浆的污染现状,并分析泥浆受到污染的原因.结果表明:对照《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)中的Ⅳ类标准限值,调研的4个工地泥浆水全部超标;该城市地层土壤中的有机质、总氮、总磷含量高是泥浆水超标的重要原因,工地制浆使用的地表水和污水也不能满足Ⅳ类水质的要求.在建筑工地的管理中,应... 相似文献