格尔木市生态畜牧业建设发展现状及对策探讨

针对格尔木生态环境日益恶化的现状,就生态畜牧业保护建设的必要性、作用及措施等方面进行了探讨。     

高浓度焦化废水低温厌氧初探

本文探讨了温度变化对高浓度焦化废水厌氧分解的影响。当温度较低时(9.2℃～11.2℃),低温耐冷菌驯化污泥较常温污泥COD_(Cr)日降解率(Da)高出2～3倍。因此,当温度下降至低温时,可通过增补耐冷菌来提高系统的降解效率。     

城市生活垃圾收集与运输路线的优化

城市生活垃圾收运系统是生活垃圾管理的重要组成部分,收运费用占垃圾处理处置费用的40%～50%,为降低收运系统成本,减少环境污染与社会影响,需对垃圾车的收运路线进行合理优化。本文在参考国内外大量文献的基础上,评述了国内外城市生活垃圾收集与运输路线的优化模型与方法及其研究进展,通过各种模型与方法的对比,指出它们的优点与存在的问题。借鉴已有的研究思路与方法,引出作者对优化城市生活垃圾收运路线的思路并给出深入研究的建议。     

UV-H_2O_2联用工艺去除水中阿特拉津的研究

采用间歇式反应器考察了UV-H2O2高级氧化技术去除水中阿特拉津的效果及其影响因素,并进行了相关的反应动力学研究。结果表明,在pH值6.9,阿特拉津初始浓度500μg/L,紫外辐照强度172μW/cm2时,H2O2投加量50mg/L,反应10min后,阿特拉津的去除率90%。UV-H2O2联用工艺对阿特拉津的降解符合一级反应动力学。H2O2在该联用工艺降解阿特拉津中具有双重作用,一方面,当H2O2投加量较小时,一级反应速率常数随H2O2投加量的增加基本呈现线性增加的趋势;另一方面,当H2O2浓度增加到一定程度(90mg/L)后,阿特拉津的降解速率随H2O2浓度的变化已不明显,而H2O2浓度为102mg/L时,则出现了抑制作用。     

工业园区低碳发展模式评估与规划分析

通过对工业园区低碳发展模式的评估,分析其低碳发展的能源特征、经济特征与人力特征,并确定工业园区二氧化碳减排的潜力能源。基于能源-碳减排(EC)、经济-能源-碳减排(EEC)和人力-经济-能源-碳减排(HEEC)三种不同情景,在未来发展的一定规划期内,对工业园区具有二氧化碳减排潜力的能源进行规划分析,确定其年递减率,从而实现工业园区不同情景下的二氧化碳减排。通过实际案例研究,证明了评估与规划分析模型的可行性。     

养生小镇旅游产品开发研究——以昆明市永定镇为例

养生旅游作为一种旅游新业态,是旅游业发展到一定阶段的一种新型旅游模式。昆明市永定镇具有优越的环境条件、资源条件和市场条件,适合打造成为发展养生旅游的养生小镇。永定镇养生旅游产品开发主要以"医疗昆明市养生"和"休闲养生"为核心产品,其产品价值表现为构筑核心竞争力;以"运动养生"、"农事养生"和"佛教养生"为重点产品,其产品价值表现为丰富养生旅游产品;以观光农业、康体运动和健康科普为配套产品,其产品价值表现为搭建养生旅游的基础平台。     

油田作业废水处理技术研究进展

文章讨论了作业废水的组成与特点,并对近年来钻井废水处理工艺,酸化废水处理工艺,压裂废水处理工艺进行了总结与评述。根据作业废水的处理现状,对未来作业废水的处理技术进行了展望。油田废水处理主要向以下三个方面发展:开发新型处理药剂;建立高效处理工艺流程;从污水源头开始控制。     

四川地震灾后生态低碳均衡的统筹重建模式

5.12汶川大地震破坏了四川的森林、草地、农田和湿地等生态要素,灾区的气候、山体、水体、森林等环境参量受地震影响发生了变化,生态系统表现出高碳不均衡特征。为了解决生态系统高碳化,本文采用系统均衡理论,从灾区生态实际状况出发,归纳出灾后生态系统整体特征——熵值增大化、结构高碳化、生态复杂化、系统巨量化;针对震后生态系统结构表现出的高碳化,通过对生态碳循环规律的深入研究,提出生态碳循环均衡概念,构建出灾后生态低碳均衡结构;运用统筹思想,兼顾自然生态系统和人工生态系统碳循环的不同特点,以自然生态的增汇和人工生态的减源作为实践方向,建立灾后生态重建的运行模式;从生态城市、生态工业、生态农业三个维度实施灾后低碳重建工程,并提出在灾区实施低碳政策、实现低碳生产、构建碳汇基地、建立碳汇市场等相关建议,保障灾后生态恢复与人类社会重建的可持续协调发展。     

Characterization of plutonium in deep-sea sediments of the Sulu and South China Seas

Anthropogenic Pu isotopes are important geochemical tracers for sediment studies. Their distributions and sources in the water columns as well as the sediments of the North Pacific have been intensively studied; however, information about Pu in the Southeast Asian seas is limited. To study the isotopic composition of Pu, and thus to identify its sources, we collected sediment core samples in the South China Sea and the Sulu Sea during the KH-96-5 Cruise of the R/V Hakuho Maru. We analysed the activities of ^239+240Pu and the atom ratios of ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu using isotope dilution sector-field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS). The ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu atom ratios in the sediments of both areas (inventory weighted mean: 0.251 for the South China Sea and 0.280 for the Sulu Sea) were higher than the global fallout value (0.178 ± 0.019), suggesting the existence of Pu from the Pacific Proving Grounds in the North Pacific. Low inventories of ^239+240Pu in sediments were observed in the South China Sea (3.75 Bq/m²) and the Sulu Sea (1.38 Bq/m²). Most of the Pu input is still present in the water column. Scavenging and benthic mixing processes were considered to be the main processes controlling the distribution of Pu in the deep-sea sediments of both study areas.     

Tree bark as a passive air sampler to indicate atmospheric polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in southeastern China

The different barks were sampled to discuss the influence of the tree species, trunk circumference, and bark thickness on the accumulation processes of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from air into the bark. The results of different PBDE concentrations indicated that barks with a thickness of 0–3 mm collected from weeping willow, Camphor tree, and Masson pine, the trunk circumferences of which were 100 to 150 cm, were better PBDEs passive samplers. Furthermore, tree bark and the corresponding air samples were collected at Anji (AJ), Hangzhou (HZ), Shanghai (SH), and Wenling (WL) to investigate the relationship between the PBDE concentrations in bark and those in air. In addition, the significant correlation (r ²?=?0.906; P?<?0.05) indicated that atmospheric PBDEs were the principle source for the accumulation of PBDEs in the barks. In this study, the log K _BA (bark–air partition coefficient) of individual PBDE congeners at the four sites were in the range from 5.69 to 6.79. Finally, the total PBDE concentration in WL was 5 to 20 times higher than in the other three cities. The result indicated that crude household workshops contributed a heavy amount of PBDEs pollution to the environment, which had been verified by the spatial distribution of PBDEs levels in barks collected at Wenling (range, 26.53–1317.68 ng/g dw). The good correlation between the PBDE concentrations in the barks and the air samples and the variations of the PBDE concentrations in tree barks collected from different sites reflected that the bark could be used as a passive sampler to indicate the atmospheric PBDEs.