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751.
本项调控工程分两步:1984—1986年在山一村106ha农田开展病虫害综合防治试验示范;1987—1989年将试验成果应用于生产。试验研究取得了明显的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益:农药用量比1983年前减少80.6%,稻谷中农药残留不超标(原有机氯农药666残留超标率31.6%);害虫天敌稻田蜘蛛增加83.3—180.0%,稻虱多索线虫增加2倍;防治农药成本减少53.7%。并制定了《山一村农田农药污染防治技术规程》,其主要内容有:开展病虫害“二查二定”,达到防治指标时用药;制定病虫害防治策略,在防治适期内用药;推广高效低残留农药,遵守农药安全间隔期;推广抗性良种,适施N肥,增施P、K肥;保护利用天敌,发挥天敌自然抑制作用。 相似文献
752.
转化血型用蕃茄α-D-半乳糖苷酶的分离、纯化及理化性质 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
成熟蕃茄匀浆后,经硫酸铵盐析,DEAE-SephadexA-50离子交换层析,SepadexG-100凝胶过滤和Melibiose-Agarose亲和层析,获得了α-D-半乳糖苷酶(C.E.3.2.1.11)。酶制剂经PAGE检测为一条带;SDS-G-PAGE测得酶Mr为34000;比活力52.9U/mg·;提纯倍数为52901产率为45%.酶专-催化以α-D-半乳糖为末端a-(1,3)连接的糖苷键,以PNPG(对硝基苯-α-D-半乳糖昔)为废物,酶催化反应的Km=0.11mmol/L,Vmax为67μmol·mg1-·min-1.t稳定范是0~35℃;PH稳定范围是4.0~7.0.最适pH为5.1.半乳糖是酶的竞争性抑制剂;Cu2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Fe3+、Ag+和EDTA对酶活性无影响.纯酶制剂可作为B型血向O型血转化的工具酶液. 相似文献
753.
754.
Riise G Lundekvam H Wu QL Haugen LE Mulder J 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2004,26(2-3):269-276
Loss of two pesticides with different mobility characteristics, bentazone (Koc approximately 34) and propiconazole (Koc approximately 1800), were studied at three agricultural fields (Askim, Bj?rnebekk and Syverud) in SE Norway. A conservative tracer (Br) was used to follow the flow of water. The loss of pesticides varied among the fields, depending on hydrological characteristics and soil properties. The loss of pesticides was higher from two artificially levelled silty clay loam soils with poor aggregate stability (Askim and Bj?rnebekk) compared to a loam/silt loam soil with increased content of organic carbon and better aggregate stability (Syverud). The total accumulated loss was <0.5% from all fields. The highest pesticide concentrations were measured at the first runoff episode after application for both the mobile (bentazone) and less mobile pesticide (propiconazole) in the surface runoff. In the drainage water, the peak for the less mobile pesticide coincided with the Br tracer, while the peak for mobile pesticide appeared earlier than the Br tracer. Rapid movement of water, particles and pesticides through soils indicate flow through macropores. Larger proportions (in percent of total applied) of both the mobile and the strongly sorbed pesticides were lost through the drainage as compared to the loss through surface runoff at Askim. Here, it is suggested that macropore flow contribute to the increased loss of pesticides through the drainage. At Syverud, high infiltration capacity reduces the amount of water available for surface runoff, and somewhat higher loss of the mobile pesticide was registered in the drainage compared to the surface runoff. For the strongly sorbed pesticide, however, propiconazole was neither detected in surface nor in drainage water at Syverud. Generally, there was a higher percentage loss of the mobile compared to the strongly sorbed pesticide in both surface and drainage water, which is in agreement with the pesticides mobility characteristics in soil. An exception was, however, the erodible soil Bj?rnebekk, where a higher fraction of propiconazole was lost in the surface runoff compared to bentazone. Large amounts of sediment transport from the Bj?rnebekk field probably contributed to enhanced transport of the strongly sorbed pesticide. 相似文献
755.
Net emissions of CH4 and CO2 in Alaska: implications for the region's greenhouse gas budget. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Q Zhuang J M Melillo A D McGuire D W Kicklighter R G Prinn P A Steudler B S Felzer S Hu 《Ecological applications》2007,17(1):203-212
We used a biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), to study the net methane (CH4) fluxes between Alaskan ecosystems and the atmosphere. We estimated that the current net emissions of CH4 (emissions minus consumption) from Alaskan soils are approximately 3 Tg CH4/yr. Wet tundra ecosystems are responsible for 75% of the region's net emissions, while dry tundra and upland boreal forests are responsible for 50% and 45% of total consumption over the region, respectively. In response to climate change over the 21st century, our simulations indicated that CH4 emissions from wet soils would be enhanced more than consumption by dry soils of tundra and boreal forests. As a consequence, we projected that net CH4 emissions will almost double by the end of the century in response to high-latitude warming and associated climate changes. When we placed these CH4 emissions in the context of the projected carbon budget (carbon dioxide [CO2] and CH4) for Alaska at the end of the 21st century, we estimated that Alaska will be a net source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere of 69 Tg CO2 equivalents/yr, that is, a balance between net methane emissions of 131 Tg CO2 equivalents/yr and carbon sequestration of 17 Tg C/yr (62 Tg CO2 equivalents/yr). 相似文献
756.
基于CVM方法分析牧民对禁牧政策的受偿意愿——以锡林郭勒草原为例 总被引:17,自引:1,他引:17
确定居民对生态措施实施的受偿意愿,对目前迫切需要的生态补偿政策制定以及生态恢复和保护的有效性具有重要的现实意义。选用锡林郭勒草原为案例区域,通过入户调查及在那达慕大会集中调查相结合的方式,调查锡林郭勒草原地区牧民对禁牧措施的态度和受偿意愿。分析结果显示:53%的牧民愿意参加禁牧,而不愿意参加禁牧主要是由于补偿标准不合理引起的。计量经济学模型分析表明,牧民对禁牧的支持态度与牧民的收入和草地面积呈正相关,与养羊数量呈负相关。牧民的受偿意愿由牧民养羊数量、受教育年限、草地现状以及对禁牧政策的支持程度决定。根据意愿调查法初步估算锡林郭勒草原地区禁牧措施实施后牧民的补偿意愿,牧民家庭对禁牧政策的平均受偿意愿为每年每户2.7717万元,人均受偿意愿为8399元,平均每1hm2草地受偿意愿为85.95元。 相似文献
757.
苯酚对两种微囊藻生长的作用效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用不同浓度的苯酚处理无毒铜绿微囊藻和有毒铜绿微囊藻。结果显示不加苯酚处理时,有毒藻生长量明显高于无毒藻;100μg/mL的苯酚促进无毒藻生长而抑制有毒藻的生长;苯酚浓度增至200μg/mL,无毒藻的生长才受到抑制。高浓度苯酚胁迫下的藻细胞:光合速率大幅度降低;可溶性蛋白含量减少;细胞膜透性增大;超氧阴离子(O2^-)产生速率和丙二醛(MDA)相对含量升高;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性降低。这些变化有毒藻较无毒藻更显著。表明:有毒微囊藻是水华中的优势种群;两种藻中有毒藻对苯酚的敏感性更大。 相似文献
758.
安徽省长江以北地区土壤水溶性氟含量及分布特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
郑路 《生态与农村环境学报》1997,(3)
采集安徽省长江以北地区有代表性土壤样品347个,测定了其水溶性氟含量。结果表明,土壤水溶性氟含量范围038~1269mg/kg,平均为238mg/kg。地区分布是南低北高,以淮北宿州和阜阳地区为最高,平均含量在3mg/kg以上。主要土壤类型土壤水溶性氟含量顺序是砂姜黑土、潮土>黄棕壤、紫色土>水稻土>石灰土、粗骨土。不同母质土壤水溶性氟含量顺序是古黄土性河湖相沉积物>黄泛冲积物>紫色砂岩>下蜀黄土>石灰岩>酸性结晶岩风化物>河流冲积物。土壤水溶性氟含量与土壤pH呈正相关。pH高的黄泛冲积物和古黄土性河湖相沉积物母质土壤含水溶性氟多,该土壤地区发生氟中毒可能性较大。 相似文献
759.
This paper describes a study of the treatment of surfactant synthetic solutions by chemical and photolytic oxidation. Synthetic solutions of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) are treated in this work as this is a model compound commonly used in the formulation of detergents, with a great presence in urban and industrial waste-waters. The application of ultraviolet (UV) radiation combined with hydrogen peroxide to oxidize linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) is shown to be suitable as a primary oxidation step since conversions of about 50% of the original compounds are achieved in the most favorable cases. Initially, the influence of the operating variables on the degradation levels is analyzed in this work. A kinetic model that considers the contributions of both direct photolysis and radical attack is also worked out. Direct photolysis is performed to determine the quantum yield in the single photodecomposition reaction. In addition, the rate constant of the reaction between hydroxyl radicals and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in the oxidizing system H2O2/UV is determined for different operational conditions. Finally, the contribution of each oxidation pathway is quantified, resulting in a higher contribution of the radical reaction than of photolysis in all cases. 相似文献
760.
Summary. Phytotoxic activity of single and combined application of water soluble and volatile compounds of Cistus ladanifer on germination and early root growth of subterranean clover was investigated. Total germination, lag and speed of germination
were both inhibited and stimulated, with the activity of volatiles on total germination depending upon the presence of water
solubles. Antagonism between water solubles and volatiles was always found, resulting in a reduction of inhibition or a shift
from inhibition to stimulation. It is suggested that the simultaneous presence of water solubles and volatiles might result
in changes of the chemical nature of metabolites released by C. ladanifer. Early root growth was always inhibited but only by water solubles, and no interaction was found. The ecological implications
of these results are discussed in terms of the exhaustion of competitors seedbanks by a two-step process in which germination
is less inhibited or even stimulated by water solubles and volatiles, followed by a stronger and volatiles-independent inhibition
of early root growth.
Received 13 June 2001; accepted 13 Dezember 2001. 相似文献