我国电子废弃物的回收处理现状和管理对策

电子废弃物因其高速增长性、潜在污染性和资源性受到各国的广泛关注.我国由于对电子废弃物缺乏健全的回收体系和有效的监管,导致严重的环境污染和资源浪费.针对这一问题,论述了我国电子废弃物的来源、流向、处理处置和管理现状,借鉴国外生产者责任延伸制(EPR)的实践,从政府、生产者和消费者的责任分担角度.提出了适合我国国情的EPR体系.     

乌鲁木齐市电磁辐射污染的调查及分析

报道了乌鲁木剂市电磁辐射污染的调查结果,阐明了乌鲁木齐市电磁污染的现状和分析状况,并依据调查结果对各类污染源的电磁泄漏进行了分析讨论。     

基于GPS与GSM的交通事故自动呼救系统的设计

结合GPS的定位功能和GSM的远程无线通讯功能,提出一种以提高交通安全、减少人员伤亡为目的的车辆交通事故自动呼救系统的构建方案,该系统会伴随安全气囊的启动而启动,也可手动启动。车载模块将安全气囊点火信号送入微处理器,通过串行接口驱动无线数据传输模块,经GSM网络将GPS的定位信息发送到监控中心,并可建立车载模块与监控中心之间的语音通讯,给出车载模块硬件电路实现、软件设计以及控制中心的设计方案,并对系统的关键技术进行了说明。     

上海地区农业气象灾害监测警示系统的研究

上海地区农业气象灾害监不系统是以实时气象数据为基础,根据农业气象灾害指标进行了评判分析,反映了农业气象灾害,接着,基于Activex的Web/GIS平台展示灾害的分布,并通过Internet网络,提供了多用户服务。     

环境污染物计算毒理学分析及环境行为模拟研究进展

根据国内外研究报道,系统地总结了计算毒理学和化合物环境行为模拟在环境科学领域的研究进展,包括二者的概念、理论、研究方法以及在环境研究中的应用;分析了计算毒理学和化合物环境行为模拟在发展中所面临的挑战,并提出对策;展望了计算毒理学和化合物环境行为模拟在环境研究中的发展前景。     

基于手机APP的便携式智能无线FDR传感器系统的设计

设计了一种基于频域反射法(FDR)且具有充电功能的无线便携式传感器,能够实现自动采集、无线传输、便携充电等功能。该采集单元以单片机为核心,采用MC9S082AW60进行数据采集,通过无线传输技术进行实时传输,实现了FDR传感器的高精度、实时性强、携带方便等优点。该传感器使用简单,携带方便,适合操作人员在现场随时进行采集。     

基于信息熵的省域内能源消费总量分配研究

能源消费总量控制是保障能源安全,积极应对气候变暖的重要手段;省域内能源消费量的合理分配,是落实国家能源消费总量控制的有效措施。提出能源消费总量分配应以公平为主、考虑区域发展权益的同时兼顾效率的原则,秉承“定基数,分增量”的思想,构建了基于信息熵的多因子混合加权分配模型,对目标年能源消费增量进行分配;选择了10个指标从经济水平、能耗水平、发展现状、产业结构及城市发展定位5个方面描述各地区的节能潜力及控制能耗量的责任,拟对能源消费总量在省内各市区的分配进行探索性研究。并以安徽省为例,对安徽省2015年能源消费总量分配到各市区进行了实证分析。结果显示,2015年安徽省17个市区能耗分配量增长率范围为1193%~5045%,能耗增幅的分配结果整体上受各市区人均GDP和人均能源消费量水平所支配,受单位工业增加值能耗和城市化率所调控     

Levels and distribution of Dechloranes in sediments of Lake Taihu,China

The occurrence and spatial distribution of dechloranes including mirex, dechlorane plus (DP), dechlorane (Dec) 602, Dec 603, and Dec 604 in surficial sediments of Lake Taihu were investigated in this study. The concentrations of mirex and DP ranged from below detection limit (BDL) to 1.29 ng g^?1 dw and 0.051 to 2.10 ng g^?1 dw, respectively. Dec 602, Dec 603, and Dec 604 on the other hand, were BDL in any of the samples. The contamination levels of DP were higher than that of Mirex at 21 of all 22 sampling sites. Levels of mirex and DP in the lake sediments were correlated when an extremely high mirex value was removed. Both mirex and DP levels were correlated with the amount of organic matters in the sediment samples. Spatial distribution of mirex and DP suggested that these two chemicals in the lake had similar input sources except for one site. Comparison to previously reported flame retardants’ levels in the sediments shows that DP levels were similar with the levels of tetrabromobisphenol A, hexabromocyclododecane but lower than PBDEs and organophosphates levels in Lake Taihu. The higher levels in the north-east part of Lake Taihu adjacent to two major cities: Wuxi and Suzhou, indicated that city effluent might be a major source for DP contamination in the lake.     

Kinetics of peanut shell pyrolysis and hydrolysis in subcritical water

Biomass is recognized as an important solution to energy and the environmental problems related to fossil fuel usage. The rational utilization of biomass waste is important not only for the prevention of environmental issues, but also for the effective utilization of natural resources. Pyrolysis and hyrolysis in subcritical water are promising processes for biomass waste conversion. This paper deals with hydrolysis and pyrolysis of peanut shells. Hydrolysis and pyrolysis kinetics of peanut shell wastes were investigated for the in-depth exploration of process mechanisms and for the control of the reactions. Hydrolysis kinetics was conducted in a temperature range of 180–240 °C. A simplified kinetic model to describe the hydrolysis of peanut shells was proposed. Hydrolysis activation energy as well as the pre-exponential factor was determined according to the model. The target products of peanut shell hydrolysis, reducing sugars, can reach up to 40.5 % (maximum yield) at 220 °C and 180 s. Pyrolysis characteristics were investigated. The results showed that three stages appeared in this thermal degradation process. Kinetic parameters in terms of apparent pyrolysis activation energy and pre-exponential factor were obtained by the Coats–Redfern method.     

生物滴滤塔处理氯苯废气的工艺性能

将活性污泥培养及驯化后接种于生物滴滤塔中,挂膜启动后处理模拟氯苯废气（简称氯苯废气）,考察了生物滴滤塔在挂膜启动阶段及稳定运行阶段的性能。实验结果表明：接种41 d后生物滴滤塔成功挂膜,此时氯苯去除率稳定在90%以上;生物滴滤塔稳定运行阶段,随着进气中氯苯质量浓度由303.82 mg/m³逐渐增至1 489.05 mg/m³,氯苯去除率从85.1%降至70.1%。处理氯苯废气适宜的工艺条件为：空塔停留时间超过45 s,喷淋液流量31.8 mL/min,氯苯负荷23.97~128.01 g/（m³·h）。生物滴滤塔对喷淋液的酸性环境有较好的适应性,喷淋液pH的变化对氯苯去除率无显著影响。