棉花耐涝相关种质资源遗传多样性分析

为了解棉花耐涝相关种质资源的遗传多样性,选用均匀分布于棉花全基因组的145对引物,从中筛选出44对SSR引物对48份涝相关种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,44对SSR引物在48份材料中共检测出170个等位基因变异,平均每个位点有386个。其中耐涝材料的位点多态信息含量(PIC)、每个位点的有效等位基因数(Ne)、基因型多样性(H′)分别为0632、1710 4和0393 7,涝敏感材料的PIC、Ne、H′分别为0628、1721 6和0399 4。耐涝材料和涝敏感材料的Jaccard相似性系数分别在0462~0925和0398~0845之间,遗传相似性系数总体平均值接近,但耐涝材料的变化幅度更大。用类平均法(UPGMA)聚类将48份材料分成2个类群。其中,第Ⅰ类包含39个品种,第Ⅱ类包含9个品种。大多数材料之间的遗传相似性系数较高,表明陆地棉耐涝相关种质资源遗传基础狭窄。本结果可为棉花耐涝育种亲本选配和相关机理研究提供基础资料     

层次分析-熵值定权法在城市水环境承载力评价中的应用

从广义水环境承载力定义出发,建立水环境承载力评价指标体系;采用层次分析－熵值定权法和向量模法对武汉市水环境承载力进行评价,该定权方法采用层次分析法确定权重,同时又引入熵值法对权重进行修正,在一定程度上减少了主观影响。该方法使评价指标的赋权达到主观与客观统一,对水环境承载力的量化更加准确与合理。该方法构造简单,便于实现计算机编程,所以应用较为简单、方便。以武汉市为例,综合考虑资源环境以及社会经济发展,建立了一套指标体系,利用向量模法对指标进行量化,结果表明武汉市2006~2010年水环境承载力逐年增大,由0129 3增长到02411,表明近些年武汉市水资源、环境与社会经济的发展协调性较好。从3个准则层中可以看出,资源与环境对武汉市水环境承载力的影响较大;社会子系统承载力评价值逐年上升,且上升趋势较快;随着经济的加速发展,经济子系统承载力评价值呈逐年下降态势     

三峡工程对下荆江径流变化影响分析

下荆江作为长江最不稳定的江段之一,三峡工程的运行必然会对该江段的水文过程产生深远影响。以监利水文站日均流量数据为基础,研究分析了1983~2012年近30 a来下荆江年径流量、各月月均流量的变化趋势。结合三峡工程的阶段性蓄水,以蓄水前流量的自然波动幅度为基础,定量分析了三峡工程对下荆江径流变化的影响程度。趋势性分析结果显示,近30 a来下荆江年径流量呈波动性变化,无显著趋势。1~3月月均流量有极显著的增加趋势,10月份有极显著的下降趋势。从三峡工程蓄水前后各月份月均流量的绝对变化量来看,10、7和8月的变化量最大,但结合三峡工程蓄水前各月月均流量的自然波动幅度,相对变化率最大的月份为1、2和10月,其相对变化量均超过其自然波动幅度的1.5倍。对于相对变化量较大的月份可能产生的潜在影响亟需进一步的深入研究     

Estimation of building-related construction and demolition waste in Shanghai

One methodology is proposed to estimate the quantification and composition of building-related construction and demolition (C&D) waste in a fast developing region like Shanghai, PR China. The varieties of structure types and building waste intensities due to the requirement of progressive building design and structure codes in different decades are considered in this regional C&D waste estimation study. It is concluded that approximately 13.71 million tons of C&D waste was generated in 2012 in Shanghai, of which more than 80% of this C&D waste was concrete, bricks and blocks. Analysis from this study can be applied to facilitate C&D waste governors and researchers the duty of formulating precise policies and specifications. As a matter of fact, at least a half of the enormous amount of C&D waste could be recycled if implementing proper recycling technologies and measures. The appropriate managements would be economically and environmentally beneficial to Shanghai where the per capita per year output of C&D waste has been as high as 842 kg in 2010.     

介质阻挡放电协同Ag/Al_2O_3对NO_x脱除的影响

为有效去除发电厂烟气中产生的NOx,利用介质阻挡放电(DBD)产生低温等离子体并结合催化剂Ag/Al2O3进行烟气脱硝实验,研究了在加入乙烯的条件下,平均负载量、催化温度和装置的布置方式对NOx脱除的影响。结果表明,随着负载的增多,NO脱除率呈现先增大后减小的趋势,5种负载量中最佳为1.76%;随着催化温度的升高,NO脱除率同样呈现先增大后减小的趋势,最佳的催化温度为150℃左右;3种不同布置方式对NO和NOx脱除有明显差别,单独催化剂在NO和NOx的脱除率都比较低;单独介质阻挡放电NO脱除率很高,但是NOx很却很低;而两者结合在NO和NOx都达到了很好的效果。     

人工湿地基质对NH4＋-N吸附性能

为研究建筑废物红砖和工业废物煤渣用作人工湿地脱氮基质的可行性,分别通过静态吸附实验和动态NHf—N去除效果实验进行考察。结果表明,红砖和煤渣对NH4＋-N最大静态吸附量分别为0．2533mg／g和0．0533mg／g,其吸附等温曲线均符合Freundlich型吸附方程,吸附常数分别为0．0419和0．0091;红砖煤渣组合对污水中NH4＋-N平均动态脱除率达到41．18％,高于红砖的37．63％和煤渣的30．92％。     

重庆主城区秋冬季逆温对空气质量影响的观测分析

2013年9—11月利用RPG-HATPRO地基多通道微波辐射计对重庆主城区大气进行连续探测,统计了大气逆温情况,并对典型重污染天气下大气逆温与空气质量状况进行综合分析。结果表明,逆温出现的频率为63.3%,基本为接地逆温类型,逆温层厚度为953 m,逆温强度为0.3℃/hm;逆温的存在为气溶胶的积聚和凝聚创造了有利条件。     

Distribution of nutrients,heavy metals,and PAHs affected by sediment dredging in the Wujin'gang River basin flowing into Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu

This paper's survey of the pollution of the Wujin'gang River is important because it is one of the main rivers flowing into Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu in eastern China. Trace metals (TMs) in this paper are described according to their pollution index (P _i). Cluster analysis and correlation analysis are utilized for group sites and to assess co-contamination. Toxicity effect analysis was conducted using individual sediment quality guideline quotients (SQGQs) and mean SQGQs. The results showed that sediment from the Wujin'gang River basin was affected by nutrients, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are an essential contamination source for both Meiliang Bay and Zhushan Bay of Lake Taihu. The discharge of TMs has significant correlations to total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP); however, no significant correlations were observed between the content of PAHs and TMs. Toxicity effect results show that sediment in the Wujin'gang River basin threatens sediment-dwelling organisms. The harmful effect was mainly caused by heavy metals especially Cd, Cr, Ni, and Cu. Sediment dredging is an effective way to control pollution from internal rivers especially for the pollution of TN and heavy metals in the Wujin'gang River basin.     

土地督察对土地违法的遏制效应评价

选择当年发生土地违法案件数和当年发生土地违法涉案面积作为主要表征指标,收集了2002-2009年的省级面板数据,分析土地督察对土地违法是否有影响以及影响的程度。论文分别采用了固定效应模型、随机效应和混合OLS模型加以估计,通过相关检验,最后选用了固定效应模型的估计结果。在模型估计结果的基础上,对土地督察的违法遏制效果进行了评价。分析表明:①土地督察的确对减少土地违法有显著影响,土地例行督察覆盖度每提高1%,可能减少土地违法案件92件,可能使土地违法涉案面积减少约2.18%;②若对某省份实施了专项督察,则可能减少土地违法案件7件,可能使土地违法涉案面积减少31.11%;③由于实行了土地例行督察和专项督察,可能使2007-2009年的土地违法案件分别少发生84件、3 473件和12 500件,土地违法涉案面积分别少发生2 314.13 hm2、1 919.75 hm2和3 046.57 hm2。     

A sensitive monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for chlorpyrifos residue determination in Chinese agricultural samples

A monoclonal antibody-based competitive antibody-coated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and optimized for determining chlorpyrifos residue in agricultural products. The IC(50) and IC(10) of this ELISA were 3.3 ng/mL and 0.1 ng/mL respectively. The average recoveries in six agricultural products were between 79.5% and 118.0%, with the intra-assay coefficient of variation being less than 8 %. The limit of detection for all tested products was 30 ng/g. To the best of our knowledge, this assay has the best specificity among all the published research on ELISAs for chlorpyrifos.