高温固硫反应中锶化合物的促进作用

本文论述了锶化合物在高温燃烧条件下固硫反应的促进作用，通过Ｘ－射线粉晶衍射及扫描电镜的研究，证明形成含硫酸钙的复合盐的生成是提高固硫率的关键，用该方法制成的工业型煤，在实际锅炉中试烧其固硫率可达７０％，是烟气排烟脱硫的有效方法之一，对净化大气，减少污染有现实意义。     

沉积贵金属Pt的Pt/TiO2膜利用可见光催化降解苯酚

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备锐钛矿纳米TiO2光催化材料,并用化学还原法还原氯铂酸溶液(H2PtCl6·4H2O)制备Pt胶体,然后滴涂在制备好的锐钛矿纳米TiO2基片上即对其进行贵金属修饰,从而得到纳米光催化材料Pt/TiO2膜.采用XRD、XPS、UV-Vis和SEM等手段对其表面理化特性进行了表征.以苯酚溶液为光催化降解...     

EGSB反应器处理含氯苯有机废水的试验研究

在间歇条件下,针对未接触和接触过氯苯的颗粒污泥,研究了氯苯对它们产甲烷活性的抑制及恢复;在动态条件下,研究了EGSB反应器处理含氯苯有机废水的情况.结果表明,不同浓度的氯苯均会对未接触氯苯的颗粒污泥的活性产生抑制;而接触过氯苯的颗粒污泥具有一定适应能力,只有氯苯浓度为100mg/L时才有较明显抑制.在动态运行过程中,进水氯苯浓度为10～50mg/L,前65天出水氯苯浓度均低于7mg/L,66d后出水氯苯浓度突增至25mg/L以上,停止投加氯苯后,出水氯苯浓度在3.4～38.32mg/L之间无规律波动,说明反应器内颗粒污泥对氯苯有较强吸附,生物降解作用不明显.     

Investigation of the hydrodynamic behavior of diatom aggregates using particle image velocimetry

The hydrodynamic behavior of diatom aggregates has a significant influence on the interactions and flocculation kinetics of algae. However, characterization of the hydrodynamics of diatoms and diatom aggregates in water is rather difficult. In this laboratory study, an advanced visualization technique in particle image velocimetry (PIV) was employed to investigate the hydrodynamic properties of settling diatom aggregates. The experiments were conducted in a settling column filled with a suspension of fluorescent polymeric beads as seed tracers. A laser light sheet was generated by the PIV setup to illuminate a thin vertical planar region in the settling column, while the motions of particles were recorded by a high speed charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. This technique was able to capture the trajectories of the tracers when a diatom aggregate settled through the tracer suspension. The PIV results indicated directly the curvilinear feature of the streamlines around diatom aggregates. The rectilinear collision model largely overestimated the collision areas of the settling particles. Algae aggregates appeared to be highly porous and fractal, which allowed streamlines to penetrate into the aggregate interior. The diatom aggregates have a fluid collection efficiency of 10%-40%. The permeable feature of aggregates can significantly enhance the collisions and flocculation between the aggregates and other small particles including algal cells in water.     

土地功能与土地利用表征土地系统和景观格局的差异研究——以陕西省蓝田县为例

论文依据土地提供主要服务的差异将土地利用功能划分为3 个大类和6 个亚类;通过对比研究区2010 年与2020 年土地利用类型变化和土地功能的变化,分析两者表征土地系统变化的差异;再利用5 个景观格局指数对比分析土地利用类型变化和土地功能类型变化对景观的影响,探索两者表征景观的差异。通过上述分析得出如下结论：①土地利用类型与土地功能类型均能表征不同类型间的转化,但前者可更为细致地表达出土地功能所包含土地类型间的转化;②在土地利用类型不发生变化的情况下,土地功能依然可以表征土地系统的变化;③土地功能变化分析能得到更为宏观的景观空间特征。     

苏里格气田气井现状及钻井泥浆的成分、危害

随着苏里格气田天然气探明储量的增加,气田的开发力度逐渐加大,气田开发带给当地的生态环境问题也在凸显。本文介绍了苏里格气田的现状及钻井泥浆的成分及危害,为减少环境危害提供理论依据。     

Long-term effects of silver nanoparticles on performance of phosphorus removal in a laboratory-scale vertical flow constructed wetland

Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) have been widely used in many fields,which raised concerns about potential threats to biological sewage treatment systems.In this study,the phosphorus removal performance,enzymatic activity and microbial population dynamics in constructed wetlands(CWs) were evaluated under a long-term exposure to Ag NPs(0,50,and 200 μg/L) for 450 days.Results have shown that Ag NPs inhibited the phosphorus removal efficiency in a short-term exposure,whereas caused no obviously negative effects from a long-term perspective.Moreover,in the coexisting CW system of Ag NPs and phosphorus,competition exhibited in the initial exposure phase,however,cooperation between them was observed in later phase.Enzymatic activity of acid-phosphatase at the moderate temperature(10–20°C) was visibly higher than that at the high temperature(20–30℃) and CWs with Ag NPs addition had no appreciable differences compared with the control.High-throughput sequencing results indicated that the microbial richness,diversity and composition of CWs were distinctly affected with the extension of exposure time at different Ag NPs levels.However,the phosphorus removal performance of CWs did not decline with the decrease of polyphosphate accumulating organisms(PAOs),which also confirmed that adsorption precipitation was the main way of phosphorus removal in CWs.The study suggested that Ag NPs and phosphorus could be removed synergistically in the coexistence system.This work has some reference for evaluating the influences of Ag NPs on the phosphorus removal and the interrelation between them in CWs.     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液的产生，控制处理

垃圾填埋场作为固体废弃物的一种最终处置方法在三废治理中起着重要的作用。但是垃圾填埋场产生的渗滤液会成为二次污染，本文就渗滤液的产生，控制以及处理进行了探讨。     

柴油车加载减速工况烟度排放测试软件开发

依据《柴油车加载减速烟度排放标准》和《柴油车加载减速工况烟度检测计算机控制试验规程》的要求,开发了柴油车加载减速工况烟度排放测试软件。详细介绍了该测试软件的功能和特点。     

电炉钢渣对水中Cu2+、Cd2+和Pb2+的去除作用

以宝钢电炉钢渣为研究对象,考察了钢渣对溶液中重金属离子Cu2+、Cd2+、Pb2+的吸附动力学、吸附等温线、吸附热力学特征,借助多种分析手段(XRD、BET比表面分析、SEM/EDS等)对钢渣进行了理化性能测试和表征.结果表明,电炉钢渣对重金属离子的吸附速率较快,吸附速率顺序为Cd2+>Pb2+>Cu2+,吸附过程符合一级动力学模型(R2>0.99).吸附等温实验结果表明,Langmuir模型较为适合重金属离子在钢渣上的吸附,实验条件下对Cu2+、Cd2+、Pb2+离子的最大吸附容量分别为0.101、0.058、0.120 mmol.g-1.3种重金属离子在钢渣上的吸附是一个吸热(ΔH0<0)、熵值增大(ΔS0>0)的自发反应过程(ΔG0<0),熵效应是吸附反应自发进行的主要驱动力.SEM/EDS分析结果揭示了吸附前后钢渣表面形貌和化学成分的变化.电炉钢渣以其低价、高效性在重金属废水处理中具有广阔的应用前景.