全新离子色谱柱-抑制型电导法检测饮用水中痕量溴酸盐

采用一种全新的高效高容量离子色谱柱-抑制型电导检测器检测饮用水中痕量溴酸盐.高容量碳酸盐/氢氧化物双重选择性的IonPac AS23阴离子交换柱,碳酸钠/碳酸氢钠缓冲溶液等度淋洗,抑制型电导检测.该方法的检测限(S/N=3)为0.225μg·l-1,线性相关系数r＝0.9999,RSD为1.151%-7.872%,回收率为97.6 %-111.1 %.     

基于管理分区的神农架国家公园生态监测指标体系构建

国家公园管理目标的实现依赖于大量监测数据和信息的支持,然而国家公园不同管理分区往往具有不同的管理目标,因此对于监测数据具有不同的需求.为满足国家公园不同管理分区管理的差异性需求、提高生态监测指标体系的针对性和监测效率,探讨了基于管理分区的国家公园生态监测指标体系构建的可行性,并以神农架国家公园为例,应用面向国家公园管理目标的生态监测指标体系构建方法,构建出两个管护小区的生态监测指标体系.研究结果表明神农架国家公园两个管护小区在监测内容和监测指标上都存在差异,反映出两个小区管理目标的差异.这在一定程度上说明基于管理分区的生态监测指标体系更具有针对性,能够满足不同管理分区的监测需求,可为我国国家公园不同管理分区生态监测指标体系的构建提供借鉴.     

面对交通事故及其对策

据有关资料统计,在全球范围内,每年大约有60万人在车轮下丧生,仅次于地震、台风、瘟疫,名列第四。而我国,因交通事故惨死的人数连续15年居世界第一位。以2002年交通事故统计为例,每天约有300人惨死车轮下,而云南省平均每天就有8．6人。     

填埋气体爆炸危险性评价方法研究

提出了一种评价建筑物内发生填埋气体爆炸事故概率的理论与试验方法。     

静态光催化去除甲醛及其分解产物的研究

以静态光催化去除甲醛,研究光催化过程中温度、相对湿度、一氧化碳和二氧化碳浓度的变化情况．结果表明,光催化降解相对于光催化剂吸附去除来说可以更有效地去除空气中的甲醛,但是温度、相对湿度、一氧化碳和二氧化化碳浓度都会随之升高,尤其是产物中存在一氧化碳,使得光催化的副产物造成更严重的二次污染并降低催化的活性．     

酸性淋溶对铅锌尾矿金属行为的影响及植物毒性

露天存放的铅锌尾矿受到自身酸化和酸雨的双重影响,从而加剧尾矿对环境的影响。因此,研究尾矿在酸性条件下的重金属行为及其植物毒性,对植物在铅锌尾矿地的自然定居有非常重要的意义。将铅锌尾矿砂装柱,用pH2～7溶液淋溶50天的结果表明,酸度的提高可以显著地增加尾矿砂中重金属（Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd）的溶出。而随着时间的延长,Zn的溶出量明显增高,Pb和Cu的溶出则逐渐降低。在pH值＜3时,Cd的溶出逐渐升高,pH值＞3时,Cd的溶出也呈下降趋势。酸度对重金属溶出的影响由大至小依次为Zn＞Cd＞Cu＞Pb。渗滤液对植物的毒性随着起始淋溶酸度的提高与时间的推移而加剧     

Examining the interpersonal process and consequence of leader–member exchange comparison: The role of procedural justice climate

Individuals are always sensitive to their relative standing in interpersonal comparison processes of leader–member exchanges (LMXs) in teams. Little research, however, has investigated whether coworkers with a higher LMX influence the emotional and behavioral reactions of individuals with a lower LMX in different dyads. Drawing on social comparison theory and the symbolic model of procedural justice (PJ) climate, we conducted 2 independent studies—an experimental study focusing on the self‐perceived upward LMX comparison (i.e., an individual perceives that a coworker's LMX is higher than the LMX that he or she has with the supervisor; N = 203; Study 1: American working adults) and a field survey study focusing on the other‐perceived downward LMX comparison (i.e., a coworker perceives that his or her own LMX is higher than the LMX that the individual has with the supervisor; N = 177; Study 2: Chinese software engineers). Results from these studies consistently revealed that a coworker's higher LMX elicits an individual's hostile emotions when the PJ climate is low but that this relationship is buffered when the PJ climate is high. Results of both studies also showed that the coworker's higher LMX arouses the individual to direct harmful behavior toward that coworker (via the individual's feelings of hostility) when the PJ climate is low but not when it is high.     

Application of different single extraction procedures for assessing the bioavailability of heavy metal(loid)s in soils from overlapped areas of farmland and coal resources

Heavy metal(loid) extraction from soils in overlapped areas of farmland and coal resources (OAFCR) is crucial in understanding heavy metal bioavailability in soil and the subsequent risks to crops and consumers. However, limited attention has been paid to the extraction procedure of heavy metal(loid)s in OAFCR soils in the research. This study therefore explored different single and mixed extraction procedures, such as acetic acid (HOAc), citric acid, ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid + ammonium acetate (EDTA+NH₄OAc), and total digestion (HNO₃-HClO₄-HF) to determine the bioavailability of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in OAFCR soil in Xuzhou, China. The results showed the metal(loid) extraction capacity from soil of the different procedures could be ranked as AB-DTPA > EDTA+NH₄OAc > HOA_C > citric acid. The transfer ability of heavy metal(loid)s from soil to wheat tissues and from wheat roots to aerial parts was analyzed by calculating the bioconcentration factor and transfer factor, respectively. Transfer factors of all metal(loid)s were < 1 except Cr whose transfer factor from root to shell and straw were > 1. It is suspected that foliar uptake plays a dominant role in Cr uptake. Correlation analysis between the bioavailability of heavy metal(loid)s in soil and uptake in respective wheat tissues was performed to recommend the best extraction procedures for different studies. The results show that AB-DTPA extraction is recommended for Cu uptake to wheat roots, straws, shells and grains, Zn uptake to roots, and Cd uptake to roots and straws.

     

基于FITNET FFS模型的腐蚀管道失效概率敏感性分析

为了获取影响腐蚀管道失效概率的关键因素及敏感性规律,基于FITNET FFS模型,采用可靠性理论对国内某腐蚀管道的失效概率进行计算和分析。通过全寿命方法计算了腐蚀增长速率,从而得到了与时间相关的腐蚀管道损伤概率模型,并采用蒙特卡罗模拟算法进行求解,得出了不同年限下腐蚀管道的失效概率;采用变异系数法对各影响因素进行参数敏感性分析。研究结果表明:管道直径、壁厚及径向腐蚀速率的分散性对管道失效概率具有双向扰动作用,其机理在于随机变量的分散性和腐蚀速率同时影响失效概率的波动,开始阶段随机变量分散性起主导作用,两者在管道失效概率达到50%会趋于一个平衡状态,之后腐蚀速率起主要支配作用;另外,管材的抗拉强度对腐蚀管道失效概率的影响较屈服强度的影响更大,可靠性分析时采用只考虑屈服强度的强度模型将存在一定的局限性,建议同时考虑管材抗拉强度的影响。     

基于气象因子的PM_(2.5)回归预测模型研究

采用Pearson相关系数分析了2013—2016年3大典型城市北京、南京和广州的ρ(PM_(2.5))与各气象因子的关系。结果表明,3个城市ρ(PM_(2.5))与各风速因子最大的相关系数依次为-0.44,-0.29和-0.37,与各气温因子最大的相关系数依次为-0.44,-0.33和-0.37,气压与南京和广州的ρ(PM_(2.5))正相关,气压因子最大的相关系数分别为0.25和0.34,湿度与北京ρ(PM_(2.5))正相关,与广州ρ(PM_(2.5))负相关,湿度因子最大的相关系数分别为0.49和-0.36,日照时数与北京ρ(PM_(2.5))相关系数为-0.46,降水量与南京和广州ρ(PM_(2.5))相关系数分别为-0.20和-0.24;采用逐步线性回归方法建立城市次日ρ(PM_(2.5))与气象因子的预测模型,复合相关系数分别为0.722 8,0.770 6和0.809 9。模型预测3个城市2016年PM_(2.5)年均值分别偏高4,5和3μg/m3,日均值平均相对误差为±45.6%,±32.9%和±26.0%,模型对高ρ(PM_(2.5))普遍低估。