活性污泥法处理生活污水过程中铬的变化规律研究

本文研究了活性污泥法处理生活污水处理过程中污泥负荷和PH对液相中总铬和Cr^6 浓度变化的影响，发现总铬和Cr^6 浓度最低值出现的时间随污泥负荷的增大而推迟，在达到最低值后，总铬和Cr^6 浓度呈现不断增大趋势；在污水PH为8左右时，总铬浓度的最低值显著低于PH为7左右时的最低值，液相中的铬主要以Cr^3 的形态被污泥吸附。     

数字化记录地震分析中的一个技巧

本文通过远震S波到时减P波到时(或极远震PP到时减PKP到时)之差与地震最大面波到时的关系,来推测一个地震发生后,只要震相S、P(或PP、PKP)已确定,就能推测最大面波的到时。反过来,最大面波到时一定,就能基本确定S(或PP)波到时的大致位置,再根据其它震相在S(或PP)波前后出现的规律,从而可靠的分析地震,在地震速报和震相分析当中很有实用价值。     

Application of permanganate in the oxidation of micropollutants: a mini review

As a green oxidant, permanganate has received considerable attention for the removal of micropollutants in drinking water treatment. To provide a better understanding of the oxidation of organic micropollutants with permanganate, the oxidation kinetics of 32 micropollutants were compiled. The pollutants include algal toxins, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and pharmaceuticals. The oxidation kinetics of micropollutants by permanganate were found to be first order with respect to both contaminant and permanganate concentrations from which second-order rate constants (k″) were obtained. Permanganate oxidized the heterocyclic aromatics with vinyl moiety (i.e., microcystins, carbamazepine, and dichlorvos) by the addition of double bonds. For the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with alkyl groups, permanganate attacked the benzylic C-H through abstraction of hydrogen. The mechanism for the oxidation of phenolic EDCs by permanganate was a single electron transfer and aromatic ring cleavage. The presence of background matrices could enhance the oxidation of some phenolic EDCs by permanganate, including phenol, chlorinated phenols, bisphenol A, and trichlosan. The toxicity of dichlorvos solution increased after permanganate oxidation, and the estrogenic activity of bisphnol A/estrone increased significantly at the beginning of permanganate oxidation. Therefore, the toxicity of degradation products or intermediates should be determined in the permanganate oxidation processes to better evaluate the applicability of permanganate. The influence of background ions on the permanganate oxidation process is far from clear and should be elucidated in the future studies to better predict the performance of permanganate oxidation of micropollutants. Moreover, methods should be employed to catalyze the permanganate oxidation process to achieve better removal of micropollutants.     

基于MLP-ANN神经网络的河流泥沙输移对气候变化的响应

运用MLP-ANN神经网络方法,对金沙江中游一级支流龙川江的河流泥沙输移状况与气候变化之间的响应关系进行了研究。结果表明：（1）龙川江河流泥沙输移对温度、降雨量、降雨强度和径流量等气候因子响应直接,而对降雨频率、蒸发量和湿度的改变没有明显响应;（2）当不考虑径流因子时,MLP-ANN模型对泥沙输移的拟合有一个月的时滞效应,而考虑径流因子时,则没有时滞效应;（3）在1993年以后,河流泥沙输移对气候变化的响应出现明显偏移,显示有其它因素对龙川江的河流泥沙输移产生了强烈干扰。     

半导体行业含氟废水处理的研究

在过去几年,中国的半导体工业得到了迅速的发展,同时也带来了新的环境问题,其中尤以含氟废水的危害最为严重。文章详细介绍了某半导体企业含氟废水处理站,包括含氟废水的来源,危害,常用的处理方法,实验情况,本工程采用的工艺流程和运行情况等。实验数据和工程运行情况都证明,pH值为7．5—8．5时,以化学沉淀法和混凝沉淀法处理含氟废水效果最好。实践证明利用强酸强碱调节废水pH值后,采用CaCl2处理含氟废水,具有操作简便和处理费用低等优点,同时针对CaF2沉淀对处理设备的影响提出了有效措施。     

东营市城市生活垃圾污染防治规划

随着经济的发展和生产生活的需要,城市生活垃圾产量急剧增加,生活垃圾污染防治规划变得日趋重要。通过对东营市城市生活垃圾的现状分析,运用人口、人均日垃圾量双因素法和BP法对生活垃圾产量及成分进行预测,在此基础上进行合理地规划。试图为探讨适合中小城市发展的城市生活垃圾污染防治规划模型研究的进一步开展提供有益的参考。     

地闪资料反演山东雷暴天气降水的适用性分析

本文利用山东雷暴天气中地面定位系统地闪及气象观测站降水资料,分析该地区雷电时空演变特征及其与降水之间的关系.结果表明:山地及丘陵地区发生的地闪多于平原地区,危害较强的正地闪主要分布于海拔相对较高的山东西南及中南部地区.地闪与降水在空间和时间上都有着较好的对应性;特别是在鲁西南和鲁西北平原地区地闪与降水有着较好的相关性,在这些区域可以利用地闪资料反演雷暴天气中的降水.     

Removal of Methyl Violet from aqueous solutions using poly （acrylic acid.co-acrylamide）/attapulgite composite

The adsorption of Methyl Violet (MV) cationic dye from aqueous solution was carried out by using crosslinked poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/attapulgite (Poly(AA-co-AM)/ATP) composite as adsorbent. The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the composite such as pH, concentration of the dye, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage, ionic strength and surfactant were systematically investigated. The equilibrium data fitted very well to the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity reached 1194 mg/g at 30°C. The thermodynamic parameters including G0, △H0 and △S 0 for the adsorption processes of MV on the composite were also calculated, and the negative △H0 and △G0 confirmed that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process was consistent with the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the desorption studies revealed that the regeneration of the composite adsorbent can be easily achieved.     

中国村镇突发性水污染事件特征及产生根源分析

鉴于中国村镇突发性水污染事件研究的重要性和必要性,本文通过对中国近五年来发生并被报道的64件村镇突发性水污染事件的统计分析,剖析了中国村镇突发性水污染事件发生的地点、诱因、主要污染物、污染类型、危害以及应急措施等状况,以揭示其发生的规律;在此基础上,本文又深入研究了中国村镇突发性水污染事件发生的根源,指出中国村镇污染源复杂多样、村镇工业布局不合理和管理不到位、农业生产用水需求增加以及村镇饮水工程抵御自然灾害能力弱是造成村镇突发性水污染的风险。     

Kinetics and corrosion products of aqueous nitrate reduction by iron powder without reaction conditions control

Although considerable research has been conducted on nitrate reduction by zero-valent iron powder (Fe0), these studies were mostly operated under anaerobic conditions with invariable pH that was unsuitable for practical application. Without reaction conditions (dissolved oxygen or reaction pH) control, this work aimed at subjecting the kinetics of denitrification by microscale Fe0 (160–200 mesh) to analysis the factors affecting the denitrification of nitrate and the composition of iron reductive products c...