Occurrence, sources, and inventory of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in soils from Chongming Island, the Yangtze River Delta (YRD)

Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) is a concern due to their large usage combining with physico-chemical properties and toxicity to wildlife and human. However, very limited data were reported on HBCDs in soils, especially from rural area. In this study, 22 soil samples were collected from Chongming Island at estuary of the Yangtze River Delta, to investigate the level, diasteroisomer profile, potential sources, and mass inventory of HBCDs. The total concentrations ranged from not detected to 93.8 pg g⁻¹ dry weight (dw) with a mean of 23.3 pg g⁻¹ dw, which was at the low end of the global levels. The wide distribution of HBCDs in soils suggested that the local emissions of HBCD-containing materials and/or the inputs via atmospheric transport from other regions were two possible sources. Variation of HBCDs levels was observed in different types of soils. Woodland, tideland and road soils contained slightly higher HBCDs than those of farmland and grassland. Overall, γ-HBCD was the dominant diasteroisomer in soils, followed by α-HBCD and β-HBCD. Significant but weak correlations were only found between α-HBCD and β-HBCD versus TOC content in soils. Currently, the mass inventory of HBCDs in soils of Chongming Island was 5.3 kg. Based on these data, we gave perspective on human intake of HBCDs via soil ingestion by age. Local resident’s intakes ranged from 15.5 to 97.8 fg kg body weight⁻¹ d⁻¹, in which children are exposed more than adults.     

实时尾气检测系统OEM的应用

机动车尾气排放实时检测系统OEM是基于车辆实际行驶路况的新型车载尾气检测系统。该系统突破了传统的定点尾气收集数据的局限性，能够方便快捷地获得不同路段、不同车型、不同时段的以秒为单位的尾气排放数据以及包括速度和加速度在内的瞬间车辆行驶数据。文中对OEM系统的基本原理和方法进行了简单的介绍，并给出了应用该系统在北京市交通网络测试尾气的一些初始结果。     

平凉市道路噪声监测结果分析

本文通过对平凉市2008～2012年道路交通噪声进行统计、分析,并针对道路噪声控制提出解决措施。     

机动车行驶过程道路扬尘影响因素试验研究

机动车行驶过程道路扬尘是城区颗粒物污染的主要因素,其贡献率可达30％-50％。城市路面积尘是机动车行驶过程道路扬尘的主要尘源。路面尘受机动车车轮积压作用、机车行驶过程诱导气流、热射流等综合尘化作用的影响,再次扬向空中并扩散,造成空气中颗粒污染物TSP、PM10浓度增高。实验模拟单车行驶,研究道路粉尘负荷、车速、排放源距离对总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）、可吸入颗粒物（PM10）浓度的影响,结果显示：TSP、PM10浓度与机动车行驶速度呈显著正相关;同一车速下与路面粉尘负荷呈对数变化规律;与排放源距离呈负相关。     

Distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary, Southern China: Implications for sources and historical changes

The distribution of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd and As) in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary was investigated. The spatial distribution of heavy metals displayed a decreasing pattern from the turbidity maxima to both upstream and downstream of the estuary, which suggested that suspended sediments played an important role in the trace metal distribution in the Pearl River Estuary. In addition, metal concentrations were higher in the west part of the estuary which received most of the pollutants from the Pearl River. In the sediment cores, fluxes of heavy metals were consistent with a predominant anthropogenic input in the period 1970-1990. From the mid-1990s to the 2000s, there was a significant decline in heavy metal pollution. The observed decline has shown the result of pollution control in the Pearl River Delta. However, it is noteworthy that the metal concentrations in the most recent sediment still remained considerably high. Taken together, the enrichment of heavy metals in sediments was largely controlled by anthropogenic pollution.     

二氧化碳捕集技术进展研究

CO2排放主要源于化石燃料燃烧过程,减少化石燃料燃烧过程排放的CO2对于降低大气中CO2浓度具有重要意义.针对燃烧过程排放的CO2,分析了CO2捕集技术的原理、工艺流程、优劣性和适用性,并归纳了CO2捕集技术的研发趋势.结果表明:CO2捕集技术主要包括燃料燃烧前捕集、燃烧后捕集和富氧燃烧.为了有效缓解因CO2排放导致的一系列环境及社会问题,后续需要进一步降低CO2捕集技术的成本以及通过立法以约束企业的CO2排放行为.     

霾不同发展阶段下污染气体和水溶性离子变化特征分析

为探讨霾不同阶段下大气污染物的变化特征,使用MARGA观测了2018年11月18日～12月7日长三角地区一次区域霾过程中前体污染气体(NH_3、HNO_3、SO_2)和8种水溶性离子浓度.结合环保数据(PM_(2.5)、NO_2、CO、O_3)和气象数据,分析此次区域霾过程的成因、大气污染物的日变化特征以及在霾不同阶段下大气污染物的分布特征.结果表明,此次霾过程中长三角地区主要受到高压脊控制,天气形势稳定,有利于大气污染物累积.霾天时PM_(2.5)、NO_2、NO_3-、SO_24-、NH_4+、Cl-和Na+的浓度分别为(118. 91±39. 23)、(61. 62±26. 34)、(45. 64±16. 01)、(18. 80±8. 02)、(20. 82±7. 16)、(3. 02±2. 25)和(0. 23±0. 22)μg·m-3,分别是干净天的2. 73、1. 63、2. 64、1. 94、2. 50、2. 05和2. 56倍;霾天CO的浓度为(1. 34±0. 39)mg·m-3,是干净天的1. 86倍.不同大气污染物的日变化特征不同.霾不同阶段下大气污染物的分布特征不同.SO_2的浓度在霾发生阶段最高; PM_(2.5)、NO_2、NH_3、CO和SNA的浓度在霾发展阶段最高; O_3、Cl-、Na+和K+的浓度在霾消散阶段最高.SNA在霾不同阶段下对PM_(2.5)的相对贡献可达94%～96%,且在发展阶段的增速最大,增速排序为NO_3- NH_4+ SO_24-. SNA在干净天、发生阶段和发展阶段以NH_4NO_3为主,在消散阶段(NH_4)2SO4为主.此次霾过程主要由NO_3-增长导致,NO_3-在霾发生、发展和消散阶段对PM_(2.5)的相对贡献分别为51. 06%、51. 85%和48. 22%,主要通过气相均相反应生成.     

慢生型花生根瘤菌16S rRNA分析

以２１株分离自四川,云南不同花生产区的慢性型花生根瘤菌和６株参比菌株为材料,进行了１６ＳｒＤＮＡＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ,结果除证实了慢性型花生根瘤菌同慢生型大豆根瘤菌（Ｂｒａｄｙｒｈｉｚｏｂｉｕｍｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｍ）高度的遗传相似性外,还发现了一些菌株同Ｂｒａｄｙｒｈｉｚｏｉｂｉｕｍｌｉａｏｎｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ和Ｂｒａｄｙｒｈｉｚｏｂｉｕｍｅｌｋａｎｉｉ有较高的遗传相似性,菌株Ｓｐｒ１－２的１６ＳｒＲＮＡ     

天然水体沉积物对重金属离子的吸附特性

本文运用表面络合模式，研究了江西乐安江下游黄龙庙沉积物的吸附特性，测定了样品对重金属ＣＵ，ｃＤ的吸附等温线和ＰＨ吸附突跃曲线；应用ＦＩＴＥＱＯ程序计算了沉积物的表面固有吸附常数；对恒定容量模式，扩散层模式和三层模式在天然水体沉积物中的应用进行了比较。     

四川省部分豆科植物根瘤菌的遗传多样性

从四川省豆科植物鸡眼草属、合欢属、豇豆属、葛属、金合欢、杭子梢分离获得了103株根瘤菌,采用AFLP、BOXAIR-PCR研究了这些菌株的遗传多样性.结果表明,分离自四川省豆科植物6个属的根瘤菌存在明显的遗传多样性,AFLP分析中,全部供试菌株的相似性为21%,全部供试菌株可分为26个AFLP遗传群;BOXAIR-PCR聚类分析结果表明,103个菌株分在70%相似性水平处,供试菌株被分为18个BOX遗传群.除部分菌株外,多数根瘤菌按宿主类型聚群,同一宿主而地理来源不同的根瘤菌分布于不同的遗传群,表明宿主和地理环境对根瘤菌具有深刻影响.图3表1参9