Occurrence and distribution of hexabromocyclododecane in sediments from seven major river drainage basins in China

The concentrations and geographical distribution of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) were investigated in 37 composite surface sediments from seven major river drainage basins in China, including Yangtze River, Yellow River, Pearl River, Liaohe River, Haihe River, Tarim River and Ertix River. The detection frequency of HBCD was 54%, with the concentrations ranged from below limit of detection (LOD) to 206 ng/g dry weight. In general, the geographical distribution showed increasing trends from the upper reaches to the lower reaches of the rivers and from North China to Southeast China. Compared to other regions in the world, the average concentration of HBCD in sediments from Yangtze River drainage basin was at relatively high level, whereas those from other six river drainage basins were at lower or similar level. The highest HBCD concentration in sediment from Yangtze River Delta and the highest detection frequency of HBCD in Pearl River drainage basins suggested that the industrial and urban activities could evidently affect the HBCD distribution. HBCD diastereoisomer profiles showed that γ-HBCD dominated in most of the sediment samples, followed by α- and β-HBCD, which was consistent with those in the commercial HBCD mixtures. Further risk assessment reflected that the average inventories of HBCD were 18.3, 5.87, 3.92, 2.50, 1.77 ng/cm 2 in sediments from Pearl River, Haihe River, Tarim River, Yellow River and Yangtze River, respectively.     

废弃SCR脱硝催化剂的再生及其脱硝性能研究

对废弃脱硝催化剂处理后重新加工再生,研究了添加剂对其粉体成型和再生催化剂脱硝活性的影响,探讨了反应温度、空速、n(NH3)∶n(NO)摩尔比、氧含量、H2O和SO2对再生催化剂NH3选择性催化还原(SCR)NO的影响。结果表明:最佳再生条件是使用5%羧甲基纤维素和10%无机粘结剂辅助成型;废弃催化剂再生利用率高达90%;再生催化剂抗压强度为4.73 MPa,优于商用催化剂;空速5 000 h-1、氨氮摩尔比1、氧含量6%时,脱硝活性温度窗口为310⁴50℃,350℃时活性最高为94%;350℃时,单独通入1 000×10-6SO2或10%H2O对再生催化剂活性均有一定抑制作用,最低活性分别为70%和81%,停止通入SO2或H2O后其活性逐渐恢复;同时通入1 000×10-6SO2和10%H2O,再生催化剂活性下降至63%并于1 h内保持相对稳定,停止通入SO2和H2O 2 h后,活性逐渐恢复到73%。     

Decrease of NH4+-N by bacterioplankton accelerated the removal of cyanobacterial blooms in aerated aquatic ecosystem

We used aerated systems to assess the influence of the bacterioplankton community on cyanobacterial blooms in algae/post-bloom of Lake Taihu, China. Bacterioplankton community diversity was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE) fingerprinting. Chemical analysis and nitrogen dynamic changes illustrated that NH4+-N was nitrified to NO2-N and NO3-N by bacterioplankton. Finally, NH4+-N was exhausted and NO3-N was denitrified to NO2-N, while the accumulation of NO2-N indicated that bacterioplankton with completely aerobic denitrification ability were lacking in the water samples collected from Lake Taihu. We suggested that adding completely aerobic denitrification bacteria(to denitrify NO2-N to N2)would improve the water quality. PCR-DGGE and sequencing results showed that more than 1/3 of the bacterial species were associated with the removal of nitrogen, and Acidovorax temperans was the dominant one. PCR-DGGE, variation of nitrogen, removal efciencies of chlorophyll-a and canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the bacterioplankton significantly influenced the physiological and biochemical changes of cyanobacteria. Additionally, the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means revealed there was no obvious harm to the microecosystem from aeration. The present study demonstrated that bacterioplankton can play crucial roles in aerated ecosystems, which could control the impact of cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophicated fresh water systems.     

固定污染源烟气中氧含量监测方法比对

为了解电化学法、激光法、氧化锆法在测定固定污染源烟气中氧含量时存在的差异,进行方法比对实验,结果表明这三种方法均具有较好的精密度.对这三种方法测定结果进行t检验,结果表明三种监测方法间无显著性差异.     

特别排放限值对石化企业发电锅炉达标排放的影响分析

根据环境保护部新发布的《关于执行大气污染物特别排放限值的公告》和GB13223-2011,结合重点地区石化企业燃煤发电锅炉的大气污染物排放情况,从脱硫、脱硝、除尘、脱汞4个方面对特别排放限值实施后可能对企业环保达标产生的影响进行了分析,并提出对策建议。     

化纤污水处理过程中活性污泥膨胀原因初探

分析了化纤污水处理过程中活性污泥膨胀的原因,初步分析表明:丝状菌、污水种类、营养盐、DO、pH、水温等是膨胀产生的重要原因。     

关于农村生活污水排放标准的思考

目前,中国尚未制定专门的农村生活污水排放标准,影响了农村水污染防治工作的顺利开展,制约了农村水环境的改善.制定农村生活污水排放标准的关键是确定污染物排放限值,在系统研究了国内外废水污染物排放限值的制定思想、依据与技术方法的基础上,提出了基于总量控制制定中国农村生活污水污染物排放限值的基本设想,并结合中国农村生活污水水质水量特点及排放特征,提出了确定农村生活污水污染物排放限值的几点建议.     

太湖流域某市农村生活污水处理工艺的比较研究

农村生活污水处理是中国“十二五”期间农村环境保护工作的重要内容。对太湖流域某市近年来所采用的5种农村生活污水处理工艺的原理进行了分析,对其运行状况进行了长达一年的跟踪监测,就其投资、建设与运行成本和处理效果进行了比较和总结。其中工艺三处理效果最好,但是投资和运行维护费用也相对最高,工艺四虽然具有投资和运行维护方面的优势,但是处理效果较差,工艺一和工艺二具有投资相对较低,运行维护相对简单,处理效果能够满足要求,是比较适合的农村生活污水处理选择。     

丁二烯缓冲罐自聚物的生成原因及防范措施

分析了ABS树脂生产装置丁二烯缓冲罐中丁二烯自聚物的生成原因,提出了预防措施,避免丁二烯自聚物的生成,保证装置的安全平稳运行。     

智能化系统在自燃温度测试中的设计和应用

为降低液体自燃温度测试过程中的操作危险,准确判定自燃现象发生及温度,减少繁琐的手工操作,参照ASTME659—78（2005）、GB/T21791-2008及GB／T21860-2008标准,设计了一套智能自燃温度测试系统。采用操作微机软件控制炉体升降温、自动进样泵进样、温度采集、自燃现象拍摄、尾气抽滤等过程,实现自燃温度测试从开始进样到吹扫尾气全流程的自动化;利用设计系统测试乙醇、丙酮等5种常见物质的自燃温度,测试结果与文献值的相对标准偏差不超过2．0％。结果表明所设计系统操作方便快捷、安全实用、结果准确。