Inflammatory effects of particulate matter air pollution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Air pollution is an important cause of non-communicable diseases globally with particulate matter (PM) as one of the main air pollutants. PM is...     

Performance of Streptomyces pactum–assisted phytoextraction of Cd and Pb: in view of soil properties,element bioavailability,and phytoextraction indices

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microbe-assisted phytoremediation provides an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach to reclaim Cd- and Pb-contaminated soils. In this work,...     

(竹)香味塑料板挥发性能的研究

采用TD-GCMS法对(竹)香味塑料板不同时期的样本分析,同时和主观气味评价结果相结合,来研究(竹)香味塑料板随时间推移其挥发特性变化情况。试验结果表明:不同时期的(竹)香味塑料板共检测出33种挥发性有机物,其中有不饱和烯烃12种,烷烃类3种,醇类6种,醛类3种,酯类3种,酚类3种,硅氧烷类2种,其他类1种;通过相关性分析得出气味等级和烷烃类、酚类物质呈显著负相关(P0.05),和α-松油醇、别罗勒烯、香茅醇呈显著负相关(P0.05);同时利用主成分分析(PCA)提取出2个对(竹)香味塑料板挥发性性能影响较大的主成分。通过本文的研究能够掌握(竹)香味塑料板下线后的挥发特性变化,为新产品研发提供理论依据。     

化学机械浆废水处理技术探讨

简要分析了化学机械法制浆废水的特点，对适用于处理化学机械法制浆废水的常用处理方法，如好氧、厌氧生物处理法、特定微生物处理技术、臭氧氧化法以及膜分离技术等在国内外的应用研究情况做了比较分析。     

Primary production and rain use efficiency across a precipitation gradient on the Mongolia Plateau

Understanding how the aboveground net primary production (ANPP) of arid and semiarid ecosystems of the world responds to variations in precipitation is crucial for assessing the impacts of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. Rain-use efficiency (RUE) is an important measure for acquiring this understanding. However, little is known about the response pattern of RUE for the largest contiguous natural grassland region of the world, the Eurasian Steppe. Here we investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of ANPP and RUE and their key driving factors based on a long-term data set from 21 natural arid and semiarid ecosystem sites across the Inner Mongolia steppe region in northern China. Our results showed that, with increasing mean annual precipitation (MAP), (1) ANPP increased while the interannual variability of ANPP declined, (2) plant species richness increased and the relative abundance of key functional groups shifted predictably, and (3) RUE increased in space across different ecosystems but decreased with increasing annual precipitation within a given ecosystem. These results clearly indicate that the patterns of both ANPP and RUE are scale dependent, and the seemingly conflicting patterns of RUE in space vs. time suggest distinctive underlying mechanisms, involving interactions among precipitation, soil N, and biotic factors. Also, while our results supported the existence of a common maximum RUE, they also indicated that its value could be substantially increased by altering resource availability, such as adding nitrogen. Our findings have important implications for understanding and predicting ecological impacts of global climate change and for management practices in arid and semiarid ecosystems in the Inner Mongolia steppe region and beyond.     

异质结型光催化剂CuO/SnO2的制备及产氢性能

光催化降解有机废水可以实现在降解污染物同时回收清洁能源.本研究采用简单沉淀法制备了CuO/SnO2系列复合光催化剂,并用XRD、TEM对其结构进行表征.分别考察了氧化铜含量和乙醇浓度对复合材料光催化产氢性能的影响.实验结果表明,通过氧化铜与二氧化锡适当比例复合能显著提高复合材料的光催化产氢性能.复合材料48.51%CuO/SnO2的产氢性能比纯二氧化锡提高了近5倍.乙醇的浓度也对复合材料的产氢性能有较大影响,最佳的乙醇浓度为2.00 mol.L-1左右.长时间光催化产氢结果表明,每降解废水中1 kg的COD可产生氢气3724 mL.另外,对复合材料光催化分解乙醇的产氢机理也进行了分析.     

浑河沿岸污灌区地下水中PAHs分布特征研究

在浑河沿岸沈抚、浑蒲污灌区采集23个地下水样,采用固相萃取-气相色谱/氢火焰检测器(SPE-GC/FID)方法,对美国环境保护局(USEPA)优先控制的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行定量分析.结果表明,该区域地下水受到PAHs严重污染,苯并［a］蒽(BaA)、苯并［k］荧蒽(BkF)检出率分别为100%和82.6%.土壤剖面研究结果表明,BaA和BkF在土壤中的垂直分布比较均匀,显示其在土壤中具有很强的迁移能力.研究发现其原因在于BaA和BkF的沉积物-水分配系数(K_oc)较大,其对数值lg K_oc分别为5.30和5.74,在土壤-地下水粗分散系统中,容易吸附于大颗粒胶体有机质上,形成悬浮液、乳浊液或者泡沫等,并在布朗运动力推动之下发生迁移.      

泰州生态市建设的可行性研究

泰州地处长江三角洲,经济基础较好,环境保护和生态建设有一定的基础,近几年,生态市的创建也被提上议事日程,针对泰州的实际情况,进行了可迭性分析,指出了泰州所面临的困难与矛盾,并在此基础上提出了对策和建议.     

Influence of plants on the reduction of hexavalent chromium in wetland sediments

This work addresses the effect that plants (Typha latifolia and Carex lurida) have on the reduction of Cr(VI) in wetland sediments. Experiments were carried out using tubular microcosms, where chemical species were monitored along the longitudinal flow axis. Cr(VI) removal was enhanced by the presence of plants. This is explained by a decrease in the redox potential promoted by organic root exudates released by plants. Under these conditions sulfate reduction is enhanced, increasing the concentration of sulfide species in the sediment pore water, which reduce Cr(VI). Evapotranspiration induced by plants also contributed to enhance the reduction of Cr(VI) by concentrating all chemical species in the sediment pore water. Both exudates release and evapotranspiration have a diurnal component that affects Cr(VI) reduction. Concentration profiles were fitted to a kinetic model linking sulfide and Cr(VI) concentrations corrected for evapotranspiration. This expression captures both the longitudinal as well as the diurnal Cr(VI) concentration profiles.     

Contamination of soils with organochlorine pesticides in urban parks in Beijing, China

Urban parks are an integral component of healthy urban living. Since they are frequently visited, an understanding of the environmental quality of these urban facilities is crucial. Here, a study was conducted on the contamination of soils in the parks of Beijing. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), which have the potential to cause endocrine disturbances, were considered study objectives. Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were found at concentrations of 0.2490-197.0 ng g(-1) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) were found at concentrations of 5.942-1039 ng g(-1) in the soils investigated. The preliminary pollution assessment indicated that DDTs have caused high pollution levels in the soils of some parks. Analysis of the sources of contamination showed that HCHs in the soils were derived from an old mixed source of technical HCHs and lindane and that DDTs, which were suspected to have recent application to the soils at some sites, were derived mainly from a mixture of technical DDTs and dicofol containing DDT impurities. An independent sample t-test proved that pesticides containing DDTs had been used in large amounts in the soils of parks before 1983 (p<0.05) and that the levels of DDTs in the soils of parks administered by the Beijing municipal government were significantly higher than the levels in those administered by the district government (p<0.05). However, the main difference in this situation needs to be further studied. This study suggested that open spaces like urban parks were not as sound as was expected and that there was potential for exposure of visitors/workers in the parks to organochlorine pesticides.