安全管理新概念--关于"安全学习志"的探讨

本文提出了一种基于安全学习志的安全管理新概念.安全学习志是一种用于解答安全管理难题,将组织的经验知识转化为行动的管理工具.它继承了中华民族修志写史的优良文化传统,同时也借鉴了国外商业领域利用学习志集中学习互动的优点.具体从编撰方法、功能作用、推广应用及发展前景等几个方面阐述了这种管理概念的可行性.     

解脂耶氏酵母菌处理含油废水的研究

利用解脂耶氏酵母菌在最佳降解条件下分别处理色拉油、餐饮油等油脂类废水和柴油、机油等石油类废水50 h.结果表明:该菌株能快速降解油脂,在油质量浓度≤2 000 mg/L时生化反应属于一级反应,对色拉油、餐饮油中油脂的降解率分别为93.30%和85.08%,同时菌体细胞大量生长,其生物量分别为1 652.7和1 940.0 mg/L,废水处理过程中pH稳定在3～4之间;但该菌对石油的降解率低,生成的生物量少,处理后废水pH维持在6～7之间.解脂耶氏酵母菌对油的降解与自身生物量的生成有关,该菌株降解油脂类和石油类物质的途径不同,产生的脂酶系统不同,使得废水的pH变化规律不相同.      

污泥堆肥过程中主要性质及氮素转变

目前堆肥过程中氮素损失比较严重,通常达到50%左右.针对这一问题,文章以污泥和秸秆为原料,进行了不同配比条件下高温好氧堆肥试验,研究了堆肥过程中各主要性质及各种形态氮素的转化规律.结果表明,堆肥有效实现了污泥无害化、减量化和资源化.在pH值和温度较高条件下的氨气大量挥发是堆肥过程氮素损失的重要途径,且不同的物料配比会对氮素损失造成影响,C/N比低的配比氮素损失较大.适当降低堆料温度、添加酸性物质以降低pH值等措施均可减少氮素损失.     

基于遗传算法的苏云金芽孢杆菌培养基配方优化

为获取苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacilus thuringiensis)培养基的最优配方,即玉米淀粉、黄豆饼粉、酵母粉、蛋白胨和鱼粉等的最佳配比,运用二次正交回归旋转组合设计安排试验.基于试验数据、背景知识和遗传算法的原理,进一步设计了搜索Bt培养基最优配方的算法,通过该算法搜索出该菌发酵培养基配方的最优解区间.验证性的试验结果和分析表明,基于陔遗传算法的Bt培养基配方优化的方法是有效且优于传统配方优化方法的.     

施硅对污染土壤中铬形态及其生物有效性的影响

关于硅对蔬菜重金属生物有效性和对菜田土壤重金属铬形态影响的问题的研究目前仍嫌较少,该文采用盆栽试验结果讨论了在铬污染菜田土壤上施不同量硅对铬形态和蔬菜生物有效性的影响作用.研究表明,在铬污染条件下,施可溶性硅酸盐,与对照相比,土壤的交换态铬含量降低,而沉淀态铬和残渣态铬含量提高,因而可降低铬的蔬菜生物有效性,使小白菜(Brassica chinensis)体内的铬含量明显降低.同时还可使小白菜的生物量显著提高.     

Interaction between β-lactam antibiotic and phosphorus-accumulating organisms

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - β-Lactam antibiotics have been widely used in clinic due to strong antibacterial activity with mild adverse side effects and have been detected...     

Coagulation of Sericin Protein in Silk Degumming Wastewater Using Quaternized Chitosan

The evaluation of 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC), a biodegradable cationic polymer, for the coagulation of sericin in silk degumming waste solution was carried out using jar-test coagulation experiments. The coagulation efficiency was assessed by the factors of residual turbidity, sericin removal and COD_Cr. The results indicated that the efficiency were dependent on the operational parameters of pH, coagulant dosage and settling time. The optimal pH value was found to be around 8, while a 1 g/L HACC dosage was sufficient in providing more than 98 % turbidity removal and 76 % sericin removal. The results were comparable to those got by the use of conventional coagulants. The coagulation of sericin by HACC may be involved in a dual mechanism including charge neutralization and bridging mechanism. Moreover, the sludge cake from the coagulation, mainly containing sericin protein and modified chitosan, might be used as finishing agent for polyester fabric or food additive for animals after fundamental purified.     

一种钢渣中氯离子的测定方法

利用蒸馏装置蒸出钢渣中的氯离子,使用硝酸汞滴定方法进行滴定,选用两种钢渣,在不同实验室分别进行了分析测定的比较和验证。结果表明:该方法简便易操作,重现性和准确性都比较高,作为钢渣中氯离子的测定是可行的。     

Acute effects of particulate matter with different sizes on respiratory mortality in Shenzhen,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - There are relatively few studies that focus on the health effects of exposure to size-specific particles on respiratory mortality in China. We aimed...     

Graphitic carbon nitride/biochar composite synthesized by a facile ball-milling method for the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of enrofloxacin

In order to enhance the removal performance of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) on organic pollutant, a simultaneous process of adsorption and photocatalysis was achieved via the compounding of biochar and g-C₃N₄. In this study, g-C₃N₄ was obtained by a condensation reaction of melamine at 550°C. Then the g-C₃N₄/biochar composites were synthesized by ball milling biochar and g-C₃N₄ together, which was considered as a simple, economical, and green strategy. The characterization of resulting g-C₃N₄/biochar suggested that biochar and g-C₃N₄ achieved effective linkage. The adsorption and photocatalytic performance of the composites were evaluated with enrofloxacin (EFA) as a model pollutant. The result showed that all the g-C₃N₄/biochar composites displayed higher adsorption and photocatalytic performance to EFA than that of pure g-C₃N₄. The 50% g-C₃N₄/biochar performed best and removed 45.2% and 81.1% of EFA (10 mg/L) under darkness and light with a dosage of 1 mg/mL, while g-C₃N₄ were 19.0% and 27.3%, respectively. Besides, 50% g-C₃N₄/biochar showed the highest total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency (65.9%). Radical trapping experiments suggested that superoxide radical (?O₂^?) and hole (h⁺) were the main active species in the photocatalytic process. After 4 cycles, the composite still exhibited activity for catalytic removal of EFA.