基于数学模型的海平面上升对咸潮上溯的影响

气候变化导致的海平面上升对沿海地区构成极大的威胁,海平面上升已经成为全球重要的环境问题,受到社会各界的高度重视。研究建立了一维动态潮流-含氯度数学模型,计算了海平面上升对咸潮上溯的影响,结果显示:250 mg/L的咸度线随着上游来水频率的增大,咸潮上溯距离明显增大;一定上游来水条件下,随着海平面的上升,咸潮上溯界线向上游方向移动显著。并详细计算了代表口门在海平面上升10 cm、30 cm和60 cm的情况下,咸潮界线的具体上移距离,以期给三角洲地区城市供水、农业灌溉引水等提供理论指导,减轻海平面上升危害,以确保21世纪中国沿海地区资源、环境、经济和社会的可持续发展。     

岩溶地下河中HCHs和DDTs的分布特征与健康风险评价

为研究岩溶地区水环境中有机氯农药对人体健康产生的潜在危害风险,对广西、云南、重庆和贵州地下河中的HCHs和DDTs进行了检测,并应用水环境健康风险评价模型对其进行了健康风险的评价.结果表明,HCHs在广西、云南、重庆和贵州的岩溶地下河中的含量平均值分别为3.39,4.60,15.18,19.06ng/L;DDTs在相应地区的平均浓度分别为1.36,3.01,13.41,15.05ng/L.从HCHs和DDTs的组成特征来看,云南、广西HCHs主要由早期残留引起,重庆和贵州部分地区存在新的输入源;云南和贵州DDTs可能是既往施用史形成,广西及重庆则可能存在新的污染源.通过健康风险评价模型计算,研究区地下河中的有机氯农药对人体造成的健康风险危害处于较低水平.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定工作场所空气中锰含量的不确定度评定

目的建立并运用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定工作场所空气中锰的不确定度评定方法。方法应用测量不确定度评定方法分析测定过程中不确定度的来源,识别出其中的主要来源。结果不确定度的主要来源：①标准溶液配制引入的不确定度;②样品消解定客引入的不确定度：③采样引入的不确定度;④仪器量化引入的不确定度。结论运用该不确定度评定方法对测定过程中关键环节的识别,将有助于检测人员重点关注关键环节的质量控制,以更为有效地提高检测工作的质量。     

塑料垃圾的热解气化实验研究

在小型外热式固定床实验台上,对塑料垃圾进行高温热解实验研究。研究主要针对不同的热解终温,目的是弄清热解过程的规律、热解温度对热解产物的影响、热解终温和产气量及气体成分的组分之间的关系。尤其研究了在热解处于末期的时候,强化水煤气反应对结果的影响。     

小城镇综合防灾减灾规划原则与策略刍议

通过对小城镇特色的研究,总结出我国小城镇在综合防灾减灾规划领域内存在有灾害种类相对较少、防灾设施无法达到门槛规模、经济条件较差、规划水平难以保证、管理依据欠缺等多方面条件的制约,因此无法套用大中型城市的综合防灾减灾规划编制模式。根据小城镇的特点,提出了应遵循合法性、合理性、完整性、可行性、公众参与等原则,运用总体策略、系统策略和动态策略来构建小城镇的综合防灾减灾规划模式。     

孕期低剂量镉暴露对不同性别胎鼠肝脏发育的影响及其分子调控机制的研究

为探究镉对胎儿肝脏发育的毒性作用.拟选用15只性成熟的8周龄的雌性C57BL/6小鼠,与雄鼠交配见栓后,于妊娠第7.5 d(Embryonic 7.5,E7.5)时,随机分为3组(每组5只),分别通过饮用水暴露法饲喂0、20和40 mg·L^-1的氯化镉溶液,并于E14.5 d时收集各组小鼠的胎儿肝脏等组织.通过Ki67和TUNEL染色方法探究镉对不同性别胎鼠肝脏的增殖功能和凋亡功能的影响,并通过PCR芯片筛查和实时定量PCR方法检测镉处理组的雌性和雄性胎鼠肝脏中与细胞增殖和凋亡功能相关基因的表达变化.此外,我们还将通过石墨炉火焰原子吸收技术对镉处理组的雌性和雄性胎鼠的镉含量进行检测.结果显示:孕期低剂量镉暴露对胎儿体重、胎肝重量和肝脏指数均无显著性影响.在本实验条件下,镉对胎鼠肝脏的凋亡功能无显著性影响,但对增殖功能具有抑制作用,且该抑制作用具有雌性依赖性的特征.镉特异性诱导雌性胎鼠肝脏中NF1等多个细胞增殖功能相关基因以及TGF-β1信号通路分子的表达失衡;但对雄性胎鼠肝脏中相关基因的表达水平无显著性影响.镉在雌性胎儿组织中的积累量显著高于雄性胎儿组织.综上所述,孕期低剂量镉暴露特异性抑制雌性胎儿肝脏的细胞增殖功能,并诱导雌性胎儿肝脏中NF1等多个增殖功能相关基因以及TGF-β1信号通路分子的表达失衡,该性别依赖性的抑制作用可能与镉在雌性胎儿中相对较高的积累量相关.     

Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of Squaliobarbus curriculus from the Pearl River based on mitochondrial D-loop sequences北大核心CSCD

Squaliobarbus curriculus is one of the most economically important edible freshwater fish in the Pearl River. To assess the level of genetic diversity and genetic variation of S. curriculus populations w ithin t he Pearl R iver, samples were collected from six geographical populations from six drainages. 978 base pairs of the D-loop sequence were obtained as a molecular marker. 106 haplotypes were defined among 170 S. curriculus individuals. Populations of S. curriculus in the Pearl River displayed a high haplotypic diversity index (h = 0.9820) and high nucleotide diversity index (π = 0.01353). T he results of genetic distance and genetic differentiation index show that genetic differentiation among S. curriculus populations is not significant. The neighbor-joining tree shows two clades. Clade A is composed of most haplotypes of S. curriculus. Clade B includes two private haplotypes from the Xijiang River. Haplotype network analysis is consistent with the results of genetic distance and genetic differentiation. The results of AMOVA analysis showed that most variation was found within populations (99.36%). Neutral test analysis explained that there was population expansion in the history of S. curriculus in the Pearl River. Xijiang River could be the center of origin, as supported by all the results. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Diversity and community composition of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the sediments of the Sanshiliujiao Lake reservoir北大核心CSCD

The diversity and community composition of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the sediments of the Sanshiliujiao Lake reservoir in Pingtan island, Fujian Province, were investigated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) methods combined with the construction of clone libraries. The diversity of PAOs in summer samples was significantly higher than that in winter. The dominant terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) of PAOs were in the range of 200 to 300 bp in summer, while they were in the range of 150 to 200 bp in winter. Cloning sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the main phyla of PAOs in the sediment of the Sanshiliujiao Lake reservoir were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria. Anaeromyxobacter, Azospirillum, Microlunatus phosphovorus, and Burkholderia were the dominant genera in the summer samples. Anaeromyxobacter, Methylobacterium, Solibacter, Azospirillum, and Microlunatus phosphovorus were the dominant genera in sediment samples in winter. The results of this study demonstrated that the diversity and community composition of PAOs in the sediments of the Sanshiliujiao Lake reservoir had specific seasonal characteristics. Various forms of phosphorus also showed their influence on the diversity of PAOs, especially Fe/Al-P. Our findings lays a scientific foundation for the future disclosure of microbial mechanisms involved in the phosphorus metabolic cycle in the sediments of reservoirs. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

考虑可靠性要素的应急物流设施选址分配问题的建模研究

为了提升防灾减灾系统的运行效率,研究应急物流设施选址-分配问题,构建考虑设施可靠性要素的双目标混合整数规划模型,以最小化系统总成本和最大化客户需求覆盖率为目标,确定应急物流中心的选址区位和各节点间各种物资的分配方案;考虑即使是选中开放的设施,也存在一定的中断概率,因此以不同情形表示开放设施中存在中断设施的情况;最后,通过MATLAB实现NSGAII算法,对模型求解,得出灾害发生时应急物流设施需求覆盖率与系统总成本的关系,为灾害发生后救援系统救灾成本和受灾点需求满足程度的权衡优化,提供可参考思路。     

Accumulation of heavy metals in four grasses grown on lead and zinc mine tailings

A field experiment was conducted to compare the growth and metal accumulation of Vetiveria zizanioides, Paspalum notatum, Cynodon dactylon and Imperata cylindraca var. major on the tailings, amended with 10 cm domestic refuse complex NPK fertilizer(Treatment A), 10 cm domestic refuse(Treatment B) and complex NPK fertilizer(Treatment C) respectively, and without any amendment used as control (Treatment D). The results indicated that V. zizanioides was a typical heavy metal excluder, because the concentrations in shoots of the plants were the lowest among the four plants tested. The most of metal accumulated in V. zizanioides distributed in its root, and transportation of metal in this plant from root to shoot was restricted. Therefore, V. zizanioides was more suitable for phytostabilization of toxic mined lands than P. notatum and C. dactylon, which accumulated a relatively high level of metals in their shoots and roots. It was also found that I. cylindraca var. major accumulated lower amounts of Pb, Zn and Cu than C. dactylon and P. notatum, and could also be considered for phytostaliUsaton of tailings. Although the metal(Pb, Zn and Cu) concentrations in shoots and roots of V. zizanioides were the lowest, the total amounts of heavy metals accumulated in shoots of V. zizanioides were the highest among the four tested plants due to the highest dry weight yield of it. The results indicated that V. zizanioides was the best choice among the four species used for phytoremediation (for both phytostabilization and phytoextraction) of metal contaminated soils.