长穗颈(eui)水稻上部节间伸长与植物激素的关系

选取含有诱变的长穗颈基因eui1、eui2和野生型基因Eui的水稻(OryzasativaL.)协青早保持系3个等基因系,通过供试植株在不同生育期的GA1和ABA含量测定及喷施GA合成抑制剂,并辅之器官删除试验等方法,探索长穗颈水稻上部节间伸长的生理机制.结果表明,在抽穗期,含eui1的协青早保持系XeB1幼穗和剑叶里的GA1含量显著增加,分别约为对照协青早B的16倍和3.4倍,其GA1/ABA比值也明显增加;含eui2的XeB2幼穗和剑叶里的GA1含量显著提高,但仅在剑叶里GA1/ABA比值明显增加,其幼穗内的GA1水平显著低于XeB1.GA合成抑制剂S3307处理使XeB1和XeB2的株高生长均受到严重抑制.删除幼穗使XeB1最上节间伸长的受抑程度远大于XeB2和XB.由此推测,在抽穗期,eui1能使水稻自身产生GA1,高含量的GA1诱导了长穗颈水稻最上节间的剧烈伸长;在促进最上节间的伸长方面eui1强于eui2.图5表1参12     

Solubilization of PAH mixtures by three different anionic surfactants

Solubilization of naphthalene and phenanthrene into the micelles formed by three different anionic surfactants was investigated for single, binary, and ternary mixtures including pyrene. The three surfactants were sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDDBS), monoalkylated disulfonated diphenyl oxide (MADS-C12), and dialkylated disulfonated diphenyl oxide (DADS-C12). The order of increasing solubility enhancement of naphthalene and phenanthrene was SDDBS < MADS-C12 < < DADS-C12, which indicates that the hydrophobic chains in micellar core play more important role for the solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) than the benzene rings in palisade layer of a micelle. The solubility enhancement of naphthalene was slightly changed in PAH mixtures. The solubility of phenanthrene was greatly enhanced in presence of naphthalene but reduced in presence of pyrene. The explanation for these results could be that less hydrophobic compounds can be solubilized at the interfacial region of a hydrophobic core, which reduces the interfacial tension between the core and water, and then the reduced interfacial tension can support a larger core volume for the same interfacial energy.     

农业洪涝灾害脆弱性成因分析及评估——以湖南省衡阳市为例

自然灾害灾情是灾害系统的脆弱性和致灾因子的风险性共同作用的结果。在同一致灾强度下，灾情随脆弱性的增强而加重，降低灾害脆弱性可减轻灾害造成的直接经济损失，因此灾害脆弱性的研究对防灾抗灾具有重要的意义。衡阳市是湖南省重要的农业生产基地之一，也是洪涝灾害较重地区之一。灾害损失与衡阳市农业洪涝灾害脆弱性密切相关，这种脆弱性是自然因素和人为因素在一定的时空条件下耦合的产的。分析了汛期降水和暴雨、植被和土壤、水利设施、经济发展水平等因素在洪涝灾害脆弱性形成中的作用。依据长时间序列的气象资料和经济统计数据，运用数学模型和有关优化分析方法，对衡阳市农业洪涝灾害脆弱性进行定量评估，得出结论：西南部、东北部的洪涝灾害脆弱性高于西北部、东南部的脆弱性。这种规律性与该区洪涝灾害历史发生规律有一定的对应性，说明本研究对该区防洪抗涝决策有一定的借鉴作用。     

茅岭江流域入河污染源问题诊断及其防治对策研究

通过收集与调查2012年茅岭江流域范围内各类污染源排污及其污染物处理处置情况的基础数据,依据排污系数法和入河系数法核算污染物排放量及入河量.结果表明,城镇生活污染源污染物入河量最大,占总入河污染物量的36.3%;其次为畜禽养殖,占27.6%;第三为农村生活污染源,占13.9%;其它污染源排入的污染物入河量较少,占22.1%.文章还分析了流域内污染物主要来源于上述三种污染源的主要原因,并提出了相应的保护对策.     

海洋石油工程清洁生产及管理对策

海洋石油工程清洁生产着眼于污染预防,全面考虑开发生产周期过程对海洋环境的影响,最大限度地减少原料和能源消耗,提高能源利用率,使开发过程对海洋环境的影响降到最低。从水资源利用、钻屑泥浆处置、伴生气回收、新能源新试剂和新技术利用、污染物末端处理、作业者管理水平等6个方面介绍了海洋石油工程清洁生产措施,并提出了清洁生产管理对策,为今后的海洋石油工程清洁生产工作提供参考。     

Effects of fluoride on the removal of cadmium and phosphate by aluminum coagulation

This study focuses on the effects of p H and fluoride at different molar ratios of fluoride to Al(R F:Al) on the removal of cadmium(Cd~(2+)) and phosphate by Al coagulation. Fluoride at R F:Al≥ 3:1 inhibits the removal of Cd over wide Al dose ranges from 5 to 10 mg/L as Al. The removal of phosphate decreases significantly at high R F:Al of 10:1 whereas at lowered R F:Al(i.e., ≤ 6:1), an adverse effect is observed only at insufficient Al doses below 2 mg/L. Fluoride shows inhibitive effects towards the removal of Cd at p H 7 and 8 and that of phosphate at p H 6. Fluoride decreases the ζ-potential in both systems, and the decreasing extent is positively correlated to the elevated R F:Al. The Al fluoride interactions include the formation of Al–F complexes and the adsorption of fluoride onto Al(OH)_3 precipitates, i.e., the formation of Al(OH)n F m. Al–F complex formation inhibits Al hydrolysis and increases residual Al levels, and a more significant increase was observed at lower p H. Al–F complexes at high R F:Al complicate the coagulation behavior of Al towards both negative and positive ionic species. Moreover, fluoride at low R F:Al shows little effect on Al coagulation behavior towards Cd~(2+)and phosphate, and the spent defluoridation adsorbent,i.e., aluminum(Al) hydro(oxide) with adsorbed fluoride at R F:Al of below 0.1:1, may be reclaimed as a coagulant after being dissolved.     

镉致背角无齿蚌消化腺组织损伤及调节消化腺和斧足的抗氧化酶活性

采用酶学和组织学方法,研究了镉(Cd)对背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)消化腺和斧足组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和组织形态结构的影响.Cd浓度设置为4.22、8.43、16.86、33.72和67.45 mg·L-1,处理时间为24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h.结果显示,与对照组相比,同一时间随着Cd浓度的增加,消化腺中SOD和CAT活性,在24 h呈现升高的趋势;96 h消化腺中SOD活性逐渐升高,差异极显著(p0.01);48 h和72 h呈现先升后降的趋势.斧足中SOD和CAT在72 h和96 h时活性升高明显,差异显著或极显著(p0.01,p0.05).Cd浓度67.45 mg·L-1处理24 h,消化腺组织细胞结构变化不明显;在48 h以后,消化管间结缔组织松散,腺体结构损伤严重,上皮细胞形态结构异常,细胞界限模糊,甚至消失;细胞膜肿胀、变形;有的细胞核碎裂、明显肿胀甚至消失,上皮细胞部分与基膜分离、脱落;斧足组织未出现显著变化和损伤.研究表明,消化腺在酶活性和组织结构上对镉的反应较快且更具规律性,而且具有明显的时间和剂量效应关系.但是,斧足对镉的胁迫反应与消化腺相比较为迟缓,说明组织之间对重金属的敏感性具有差异性.     

基于风险的检验技术在苯乙烯装置中的应用

介绍了应用英国Tischuk公司开发的RBI软件(T-OCA)对苯乙烯装置脱氢反应系统进行风险评估、提出基于风险的检验策略的过程,并针对石油化工装置开展RBI工作中的一些问题提出了建议.     

Kinetics of the reactions of soot surface-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with the OH radicals

The kinetics of the heterogeneous reaction of OH radicals with 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in laboratory generated simulated kerosene combustion soot was studied at T = 290 K in a low pressure discharge-flow reactor combined with an electron-impact mass spectrometer. The kinetics of soot-bound PAH consumption in reaction with OH were monitored using off-line HPLC measurements of their concentrations in soot samples as a function of time of exposure to OH. Concentration of OH radicals in the gas phase was measured by mass spectrometry. The first-order rate constants measured for the individual PAH at T = 290 K ranged from 0.02 to 0.04 s^?1 and were found to be independent of the OH concentration ([OH] = (0.34–2.5) × 10¹² molecule cm^?3) and of the molecular structure of the PAH. In addition, the uptake coefficient of OH on soot surface and the diffusion coefficient of OH in He were measured to be 0.19 ± 0.03 (calculated with geometric surface area) and (615 ± 80) Torr cm² s^?1, respectively. Comparison of the results on the PAH + OH reaction to those from previous studies carried out on different carbonaceous substrates, indicates probable dependence of the heterogeneous reactivity of PAH toward OH on the substrate nature. Rapid reaction with OH can be an important potential pathway of the atmospheric degradation of non-volatile PAH present mainly in the particulate phase in the atmosphere.