创建省级绿色社区的思路及评价指标体系研究

该文阐述了绿色社区的内涵和创建省级绿色社区的意义，提出了基本条件、环境质量、环境建设、环境管理、公众参与等五类23项省级绿色社区考核指标和评价标准，并探讨了创建工作思路。     

黄浦江水质致突变性研究

对黄浦江水质受到有机污染后的致突变性特点进行了研究。5个样点的试样和自来水样的Ames试验结果表明,均对TA_(98)菌株(加或不加S_9)敏感。自上游到下游,致突变性有逐步加重的趋势。Ames试验,上游为阴性,中、下游为阳性至强阳性:自来水佯也呈阳性。最低致突变剂量(MADM),上游样点比其余4个水样和自来水样平均商3.78倍。     

气相色谱的电子压力控制技术

在调节气相色谱仪器的诸多性能时，电子压力控制技术能精确控制载气流速，文章叙述了电子压力控制技术在上色谱中应用的基本原理，并以农药样品分析为例介绍了它在进样和柱分离时的作用。     

石油污染生物治理现场实例

这里介绍两则石油污染生物治理的现场实例。一则是关于水处理厂的生物治理，强调了即使在环境因素不十分有利的条件下，采用微生物生态法的生物强化措施，就能经济有效地降低污染物的浓度；另一则展示地下水和土壤的生物治理，并详述了生物治理的原理、可行性、扩大试验法、监测项目的确定、试验前后总多环芳烃（PAH）及五氯苯酚（PCP）等的浓度变化等。两则微生物生态法的生物治理均表明：此法既省去了实验室研究，又不需事先查明所用的微生物属性，即可大大加快可行性研究速度，还明显地提高了防治效果。微生物生态法成功的运用进一步说明了：即使不用外加菌种，也能显著提高生物降解有机污染物的速度，进而达到有效治理石油污染的目的。     

Use of cattails in treating wastewater from a Pb/Zn mine

This article describes the use of a combined treatment system, which includes an aquatic treatment pond withTypha latifolia Linn. (Typhaceae) as the dominant species and a stabilization pond, to treat the wastewater from a Pn/Zn mine at Shaoguan, Guangdong Province, China. In 1983, it was noted thatT. latifolia bloomed in areas affected by the wastewater emitted from the mine, hence a combined purification system was subsequently built. The influent contained high levels of total suspended solids (4635 mg/liter), chemical oxygen demand (14.5 mg/liter) as well as Pb (1.6 mg/liter) and Zn (1.9 mg/liter). The results of the effluent after treatment showed that the total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, Pb, and Zn had been reduced by 99%, 55%, 95%, and 80% respectively. The results of plant tissue analysis indicled thatT. latifolia assimilated significant amounts of Pb and Zn, especially in the root portion. During 1986 several species of algae and fish were present in the pond, usually with a higher density in areas containing lower metal concentrations in the water. Paper was presented in part at the conference “The Use of Constructed Wetlands in Water Pollution Control” held 24–28 September 1990, Cambridge, UK.     

An intergrated waste survey and environmental effects of COGIDO, a bleached pulp and paper mill in Vietnam, on the receiving waterbody

An integrated investigation on wastewater characterization and the environmental effects from the COGIDO pulp and paper mill in Bien Hoa Industrial Estate, Vietnam, a chlorine bleached soda integrated pulp and paper mill operating without a chemical recovery system, on the receiving water body was conducted during the rainy and dry seasons in 1993 and 1995. The pollution load from the mill was very high in terms of BOD, COD and SS (COD_m: 58.7 t/d; BOD: 33.3 t/d and SS: 25.1 t/d). The effluent toxicity was determined using four toxicity tests: the green micro-alga, Selenastrum capricornutum, Microtox (marine bacteria: Photobacterium phosphoreum), the duckweed, Lemna aequinoctialis, and fish (silver barb: Puntius gonionotus, and Tilapia: Tilapia nilotica). Selenastrum capricornutum was the most sensitive among the tested organisms. The mill toxicity emission rate (TER) was as high as 338 610 (Selenastrum test). The bleaching-pulp and semi-chemical pulp plants which contributed the largest pollution load to the total COGIDO effluent, therefore, were targeted for abatement measures. Physico-chemical parameters as well as qualitative and quantitative aquatic organism composition for the river water were established. The BOD₅ and COD values exceeded the potable surface water standard by a factor of 2 to 4. The species diversity and abundance of the phytoplankton, zooplankton and zoobenthos were found to be lower (20–40%) than that of unpolluted rivers in Vietnam, whereas pollution-indicator species increased up to four times during the dry season 1995.     

“资源诅咒”假说的实证检验研究——以贵州省为例

基于“资源诅咒”假说,利用1993年-2012年贵州省相关数据,建立包括绿色GDP、资源依赖、资本投入、人力资本投入和技术投入变量的时间序列回归模型,对贵州省资源依赖与绿色GDP之间的关系进行了计量检验和分析.结果表明:长期以来贵州省并不存在“资源诅咒”效应,相反资源的开发利用促进了绿色GDP的增长,但作用并不显著.进而提出促进生态环境、资源利用和经济协调发展的对策建议.     

硅酸盐、腐殖酸对Cr污染土壤中小白菜生理及吸铬量的影响

针对在铬污染区土壤中的叶菜类吸铬量是果菜类2~3倍,以及硅酸盐或腐植酸在重金属污染土壤上的最佳施用量研究较少的问题,为保障蔬菜的品质安全,文章通过土壤盆栽试验,研究硅酸盐、腐殖酸不同用量对Cr污染土壤中小白菜(Brassica Chinensis)生理指标和吸铬量的影响.结果表明,施低质量分数的硅酸盐(1.0 g·kg-1)效果最佳,既能提高受Cr污染小白菜的生物量、叶绿素相对含量,又能减轻Cr毒害对抗氧化酶系统中SOD酶活性的抑制,缓解小白菜受到的过氧化胁迫,有效降低小白菜吸铬量;高质量分数硅酸盐(2.0 g·kg-1)对生长产生抑制.腐殖酸在设计的3个质量分数水平上均不能有效降低小白菜吸铬量,对生长的促进作用也不明显.     

金城山植物群落优势种群的种间关系

采用2×2列联表的χ2检验、Ochiai关联度指数、Pearson 相关系数和Spearman秩相关系数检验,研究了南充金城山植被24个优势种群共276个种对的种间关联(或相关).结果表明: 1) χ2检验有15个种对呈正相关, 3个种对呈负相关,正负关联比为5.0,其余258种对联结程度不显著; Pearson相关系数检验23个种对正相关, 1个种对呈负相关,正负关联比为23.0,其余252种对联结程度不显著; Spearman秩相关系数检验24个种对呈正相关, 5个种对呈负相关,正负关联比为4.8,其余247种对联结程度不显著; 2)χ2检验只能反映出种对间联结性显著与否,经χ2检验不显著的种对并不意味着其间没有联结性,故只有与Ochiai关联度指数结合,结论才比较合理; 3)与Pearson相关系数检验相比, Spearman相关系数检验具有较高的灵敏度; 4) 按照对环境的适应方式和主导生态因素,24个优势种可划分为4个生态种组,同一生态种组内,各种间具有较强的正联结,表明其资源利用方式和生态要求相似,而不同组间联结较为松散,主要是由于它们具有不同的生物学特性,对生境具有不同的生态适应性和相互分离的生态位所致.桤木、千筋树、插田泡、乌蔹莓和小叶菝葜等呈独立分布.图4表4参19     

G-CNTs/PVDF mixed matrix membranes with improved antifouling properties and filtration performance

A novel nanocomposite OMWCNT-A-GO was synthesized by conjugating OMWCNT and GO. The P-OMWCNT-A-GO membrane was fabricated by non-solvent induced phase inversion. The P-OMWCNT-A-GO exhibits the best water flux, BSA rejection and flux recovery. It should be due to the enhanced membrane pore size, porosity and hydrophilicity. Although carbon nanomaterials have been widely used as effective nanofillers for fabrication of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with outstanding performances, the reproducibility of the fabricated MMMs is still hindered by the non-homogenous dispersion of these carbon nanofillers in membrane substrate. Herein, we report an effective way to improve the compatibility of carbon-based nanomaterials with membrane matrixes. By chemically conjugating the oxidized CNTs (o-CNTs) and GO using hexanediamine as cross-linker, a novel carbon nanohybrid material (G-CNTs) was synthesized, which inherited both the advanced properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO). The G-CNTs incorporated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) MMMs (G-CNTs/PVDF) were fabricated via a non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. The filtration and antifouling performances of G-CNTs/PVDF were evaluated using distillate water and a 1 g/L bovine serum albumin (BSA) aqueous solution under 0.10 MPa. Compared to the MMMs prepared with o-CNTs, GO, the physical mixture of o-CNTs and GO and pure PVDF membrane, the G-CNTs/PVDF membrane exhibited the highest water flux up to 220 L/m²/h and a flux recovery ratio as high as 90%, as well as the best BSA rejection rate. The excellent performances should be attributed to the increased membrane pore size, porosity and hydrophilicity of the resulted membrane. The successful synthesis of the novel nanohybrid G-CNTs provides a new type of nanofillers for MMMs fabrication.