大气中有机氯农药分析方法研究

采用GC-ECD标准曲线法测定大气中17种有机氯农药,采用索氏提取、旋转蒸发仪和氮吹仪浓缩前处理方法,测定空白加标精密度、准确度,样品加标精密度、准确度和方法检出限,结果表明大气中空白加标精密度、准确度分别在7.4～19.5%和81.7～114%之间,检出限在0.06～0.23 ng/m3之间。     

湖北省2008年初低温雨雪冰冻灾害特点及影响分析

008年初,湖北省出现了自1954/1955年冬季以来最严重的低温雨雪冰冻灾害,直接经济损失高达110亿元以上,分析评估此次灾害的基本特点及对各行各业的影响,可为今后抗御类似灾害提供依据。结果表明：①此次灾害影响范围广,受灾人数多,损失重,第三、四场雪使危害迅速加剧,后续效应强、时间长;②影响行业可分为交通、电网及供电系统、通讯、农业、林业、企业和市政设施、居民生活、湖泊结冰等8大类,并可细分为24小类,涉及社会和人们生活的众多方面,足见影响面之广,危害之重;③影响因子以低温、冰冻（道路结冰、电线覆冰）、雪压等为主,另外还有大风、雪雾、湖泊封冻、冰雪融化等;④由于降雪及低温持续时间长、雪量大,对农林业危害严重;由于电力、〖JP2〗通讯、建筑设施以及道路结冰严重,对电网、电力供应、交通安全以及社会公众生产、生活等造成极大的影响。〖     

建国50年海南岛社会经济发展与资源环境变化研究

本文根据建国以来海南岛地区的行政管理体制。政策演变历程。研究了海南岛社会经济发展和资源环境变化之间的关系．通过对社会经济数据和资源环境数据的综合分析。将海南岛社会经济发展和资源环境变化划分为三个不同特点的阶段，并分别阐述了这三个阶段社会经济发展和资源环境变化的不同特点以及社会经济发展对资源环境变化的影响过程。本文对于评价建国50年来海南岛经济发展和资源环境变化、预测未来社会的发展并作出合理的规划具有重要意义。     

镉致背角无齿蚌消化腺组织损伤及调节消化腺和斧足的抗氧化酶活性

采用酶学和组织学方法,研究了镉(Cd)对背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)消化腺和斧足组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和组织形态结构的影响.Cd浓度设置为4.22、8.43、16.86、33.72和67.45 mg·L-1,处理时间为24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h.结果显示,与对照组相比,同一时间随着Cd浓度的增加,消化腺中SOD和CAT活性,在24 h呈现升高的趋势;96 h消化腺中SOD活性逐渐升高,差异极显著(p0.01);48 h和72 h呈现先升后降的趋势.斧足中SOD和CAT在72 h和96 h时活性升高明显,差异显著或极显著(p0.01,p0.05).Cd浓度67.45 mg·L-1处理24 h,消化腺组织细胞结构变化不明显;在48 h以后,消化管间结缔组织松散,腺体结构损伤严重,上皮细胞形态结构异常,细胞界限模糊,甚至消失;细胞膜肿胀、变形;有的细胞核碎裂、明显肿胀甚至消失,上皮细胞部分与基膜分离、脱落;斧足组织未出现显著变化和损伤.研究表明,消化腺在酶活性和组织结构上对镉的反应较快且更具规律性,而且具有明显的时间和剂量效应关系.但是,斧足对镉的胁迫反应与消化腺相比较为迟缓,说明组织之间对重金属的敏感性具有差异性.     

Effects of fluoride on the removal of cadmium and phosphate by aluminum coagulation

This study focuses on the effects of p H and fluoride at different molar ratios of fluoride to Al(R F:Al) on the removal of cadmium(Cd~(2+)) and phosphate by Al coagulation. Fluoride at R F:Al≥ 3:1 inhibits the removal of Cd over wide Al dose ranges from 5 to 10 mg/L as Al. The removal of phosphate decreases significantly at high R F:Al of 10:1 whereas at lowered R F:Al(i.e., ≤ 6:1), an adverse effect is observed only at insufficient Al doses below 2 mg/L. Fluoride shows inhibitive effects towards the removal of Cd at p H 7 and 8 and that of phosphate at p H 6. Fluoride decreases the ζ-potential in both systems, and the decreasing extent is positively correlated to the elevated R F:Al. The Al fluoride interactions include the formation of Al–F complexes and the adsorption of fluoride onto Al(OH)_3 precipitates, i.e., the formation of Al(OH)n F m. Al–F complex formation inhibits Al hydrolysis and increases residual Al levels, and a more significant increase was observed at lower p H. Al–F complexes at high R F:Al complicate the coagulation behavior of Al towards both negative and positive ionic species. Moreover, fluoride at low R F:Al shows little effect on Al coagulation behavior towards Cd~(2+)and phosphate, and the spent defluoridation adsorbent,i.e., aluminum(Al) hydro(oxide) with adsorbed fluoride at R F:Al of below 0.1:1, may be reclaimed as a coagulant after being dissolved.     

Contamination,spatial distribution,and source contribution of persistent organic pollutants in the soil of Guiyang city,China: a case study

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The contamination of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), and polycyclic...     

Air-triggered,catalyst-free decarboxylative oxysulfonylation of arylpropiolic acids with sodium sulfinates

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Catalyst-free reactions employing renewable resources are needed for sustainable development. For example, biologically important β-keto sulfones have been...     

Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA stained with SYBR Green I in Phaeodactylum tricornutum北大核心CSCD

This study aimed to investigate a suitable method to stain the nuclei of Phaeodactylum tricornutum with a flow cytometer equipped with a 488-nm laser to detect the DNA. Exponentially growing cells were fixed using a 70% ethanol, a 1% glutaraldehyde and a 1% formaldehyde solution, respectively. The samples were treated with RNase A and were then stained with propidium iodide. Samples not treated with RNase A were stained with SYBR-green I. All these samples were observed under a fluorescence microscope and the content of the nuclear DNA was quantitated by flow cytometry. Specific fluoresce spots indicate that fluorescence was detected only in the nuclei of cells stained with SYBR-green I and non-RNase A treated, using fluorescence microscopy. The result of flow cytometry showed that the DNA histogram of cells stained with SYBR-green I had distinct G1 and G2/M peaks, with a fit degree (RCS) of about 3, and a coefficient of variation (CV) of around 8.6%. However, the DNA histograms of cells stained with propidium iodide had a higher CV value, a poor fit degree, and no obvious G1 and G2/M peaks. The results indicate that SYBR Green I is an adequate detection method for nuclear DNA quantitation in cells of P. tricornutum using a flow cytometer equipped with a 488-nm laser, and without RNase A treatment. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

真菌对磺胺二甲氧嘧啶降解过程的转录组分析及差异表达基因的功能分析

采用黄孢原毛平革菌降解磺胺二甲氧嘧啶（SDM）,4 d后SDM的去除率达74%,降解速率达3.24 mg·L^-1·d^-1.采用Illumina高通量测序平台对降解SDM后的菌株与对照组菌株进行测序,通过GO和KEGG富集分析,得到的差异表达基因能显著富集到与降解相关的“氧化还原酶活性”途径,及与应激反应有关的“ABC转运体”路径.通过对高表达高上调的差异表达基因的筛选与分析,得到了耐受和降解SDM的功能基因.水通道蛋白、ABC转运蛋白及甲基转运酶基因等在黄孢原毛平革菌对环境的耐受中起到重要的作用.乙醇氧化酶、细胞色素P450和糖苷水解酶等在黄孢原毛平革菌对SDM的降解中起着关键的作用.本文从转录组水平分析了SDM的降解机制,为黄孢原毛平革菌在环境修复中的应用提供一定的参考.     

粮食安全视角下黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展

黄河流域是我国重要的生态功能区，是实现国家粮食安全的重点区域。本文梳理了近期黄河流域的相关研究，从粮食安全视角下分析了黄河流域现阶段在流域水效率、流域水管理机制、流域水生态文明三方面的问题，并提出了关于黄河流域大保护与高质量发展的两方面建议。一是创新流域水管理机制，服务国家粮食安全。积极改进水资源管理方式，加大节水宣传教育力度，加强黄河流域水土流失综合治理，合理调控水价，完善黄河流域水权市场建设。二是践行"两山"理论，提升流域水生态文明。建设"四大体系"和"七大区域"，推进生态廊道建设；转变经济发展方式；提前布局水生态文明建设。