A novel state-of-charge-based method for plug-in hybrid vehicle electric distance analysis validated with actual driving data

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Promoting Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs) is viewed as a promising strategy to mitigate the energy consumption and greenhouse gas...     

牛粪-化肥配施对水稻田氮磷迁移转化的影响

在控制外源N输入量相同的前提下,通过田间小区实验,探讨有机肥与化肥不同施用量（牛粪施用量：5,10,20t/hm²）对稻田田间土-水界面氮磷迁移转化特征的影响.结果表明：控制稻田水中NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、TN和TP输出的最佳时期分别为施肥后的第5,30,7,20d,且TN和TP浓度随时间变化符合单指数衰减方程（0.7444≤R²≤0.9724;1.1×10^-6≤F≤0.0055）.采用牛粪部分代替化肥的施肥方式,在一定范围内能降低稻田退水中TN、TP输出负荷（41.8%、36.0%、64.3%;20.3%、39.1%、48.9%）,还可以降低稻田水中N/P,降低水体富营养化风险.同时,牛粪的施用可提高土壤中脲酶和磷酸酶的含量,促进氮磷向植物可吸收形态转化.综合经济成本和生态效益核算,采用10t有机肥代替无机肥的处理是相对经济环保的施肥方法,该施肥方式下,氮磷年输出负荷分别为17.70,1.26kg/hm².     

Long-term effects of sliver nanoparticles on the abundance and activity of soil microbiome

正Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)are among the most extensively used engineered nanomaterials because of their wellestablished antimicrobial and unique physicochemical properties(Yin et al.,2015).Applications of AgNPs have now been     

塘库沉积的137Cs法断代测定三峡库区小流域产沙量

本文以三峡库区重庆忠县黄冲子小流域和工农沟小流域为研究区域,依据塘库修建时间(1955年)、退耕还林工程启动时间(2000年)和~(137)Cs示踪技术,确定了小流域不同时期产沙量及产沙模数,并分析比较了不同小流域的塘库沉积物~(137)Cs含量和产沙模数。研究结果表明,黄冲子小流域和工农沟小流域1955~1963年、1963~2000年、2001~2014年的产沙模数均呈下降趋势,库区小流域生态环境得到明显改善;黄冲子小流域不同时期产沙模数均大于工农沟小流域,工农沟塘库沉积物1963年~(137)Cs峰值和表层泥沙~(137)Cs浓度均小于黄冲子塘库,主要与小流域的土地利用类型以及侵蚀方式有关。在以后的研究中,应该加强库区小流域沟道侵蚀产沙量的定量估算,为长江经济带生态环境建设提供参考依据。     

空间站控制力矩陀螺微振动测试技术

目的分析控制力矩陀螺的微振动扰动特性。方法通过获取陀螺连接点对结构的扰振力输出、关键部位的微振动响应来获取产品的微振动扰动特性,通过隔振的方式对外部环境的干扰进行隔离,进而降低测试的背景噪声,通过运用高精度测试传感器来实现微小扰动力信号、加速度信号的测量,利用结构有限元法及单点激励多点响应的模态分析方法校核系统刚度,进而确定测试频率范围是否满足需求。结果可同时获得空间站控制力矩陀螺连接点处的输出扰振力、质心处的输出扰振力合力、合力矩以及关键部位的微振动响应,可有效隔离外部干扰,扰振力背景噪声的时域信号最大值可控制在0.07 N以内,RMS值在0.02 N以内,加速度信号的时域背景噪声最大值可控制在1.5 mg以内,RMS值在0.1 mg以内。可识别微小扰振信号,加速度传感器分辨率为5×10-5 grms,力传感器的测量分辨率为1×10-2 N,力矩测量分辨率小于1×10-2 N·m。测试频带在320 Hz以内。结论满足型号需求,并投入型号使用。     

含弹内埋弹舱缩尺模型气动噪声特性研究

目的对含弹的内埋弹舱模型进行噪声仿真和试验研究。方法计算采用"CFD+CAA"的混合方法,采用DDES计算流场,基于M?hring声学类比方法得到测量点的噪声信息。采用该方法与空腔M219标准试验结果进行对比。内埋弹舱吹风试验在全消声室中进行,并采用传声器阵列识别主要噪声源。结果计算与试验得到的不同来流条件下,不同测量点的噪声频谱曲线基本一致。弹舱内最大声压级出现在中间弹翼附近的侧壁上,与声源识别的主要噪声源的位置一致。结论该研究可为内埋弹舱的设计提供参考和技术支持。     

环境因素对建筑工程造价的影响模型研究

现代建筑材料多数使用钢材、混凝土、木材等高能耗产品,这些材料在生产和运输的过程中会消耗较大的能量,对建筑绿色度和的影响非常大,同时也不利于降低工程预算。通过对建筑资源能源消耗和造价进行调查分析,并对建筑材料对建筑环境负荷影响和建筑工程造价进行了研究,提出基于环境因素设置的工程造价模型。通过实际操作发现,相对于传统的工程造价模型,该模型对工程造价的变化趋势反应的更为直观准确,可以大幅度提高工程造价工作的效率。     

8-氨基喹啉-5-偶氮-对苯酚荧光光度法测定微量铬(Ⅵ)

在盐酸介质中,铬(Ⅵ)与AQAPOH形成可被氯仿萃取的荧光化合物,其λex/λem=295nm/400nm.线性范围为0-1.0μg Cr(Ⅵ)/25ml(水相),检测限为0.7μg/L.除Mn(Ⅶ)外,常见金属离子无干扰,可在数千倍Cr(Ⅲ)存在下测定废水中微量铬(Ⅵ).初步探讨了荧光反应的机理.     

Using improved neural network model to analyze RSP,NOx and NO2 levels in urban air in Mong Kok,Hong Kong

As the health impact of air pollutants existing in ambient addresses much attention in recent years, forecasting of airpollutant parameters becomes an important and popular topic inenvironmental science. Airborne pollution is a serious, and willbe a major problem in Hong Kong within the next few years. InHong Kong, Respirable Suspended Particulate (RSP) and NitrogenOxides NO_x and NO₂ are major air pollutants due to thedominant diesel fuel usage by public transportation and heavyvehicles. Hence, the investigation and prediction of the influence and the tendency of these pollutants are ofsignificance to public and the city image. The multi-layerperceptron (MLP) neural network is regarded as a reliable andcost-effective method to achieve such tasks. The works presentedhere involve developing an improved neural network model, whichcombines the principal component analysis (PCA) technique and theradial basis function (RBF) network, and forecasting thepollutant levels and tendencies based in the recorded data. Inthe study, the PCA is firstly used to reduce and orthogonalizethe original input variables (data), these treated variables arethen used as new input vectors in RBF neural network modelestablished for forecasting the pollutant tendencies. Comparingwith the general neural network models, the proposed modelpossesses simpler network architecture, faster training speed,and more satisfactory predicting performance. This improvedmodel is evaluated by using hourly time series of RSP, NO_x and NO₂ concentrations collected at Mong Kok Roadside Gaseous Monitory Station in Hong Kong during the year 2000. By comparing the predicted RSP, NO_x and NO₂ concentrationswith the actual data of these pollutants recorded at the monitorystation, the effectiveness of the proposed model has been proven.Therefore, in authors' opinion, the model presented in the paper is a potential tool in forecasting air quality parameters and hasadvantages over the traditional neural network methods.     

Determination of organophosphorus pesticides and related compounds in water samples by membrane extraction and gas chromatography

A membrane extraction-gas chromatography method was developed fordetermination of organophosphorus pesticides and related compounds including methamidophos, DDVP, dimethoate, methyl parathion, parathion, thiophosphoric acid trimethyl ester, and thiophosphoramidic acid dimethyl ester in water samples. In thismethod, surface-modified acetic cellulose membranes were used to extract the target analytes in water samples, the extracted analytes were back-extracted into a small amount of methanol, andgas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detector (GC-PFPD) was used to determine the concentrations of targetanalytes in the extracts. The recoveries obtained for thetarget analytes spiked into the water samples ranged from 66to 94%. The method detection limit for each target analyte was 0.05 g L^-1. The method developed in this study had shown the advantages of being cheap, simple, fast, and reliable. It had been used successfully to determine the concentrations of target analytes in river water samples.