面包酵母菌对Pb2+和Cd2+单双重金属离子体系的吸附效果

为了探讨灭活面包酵母菌对Pb2+、Cd2+的单、双重金属离子体系(以下简称双离子体系)的吸附效果及影响机制,选择灭活面包酵母菌为吸附剂,对Pb2+、Cd2+的单离子体系和Pb2+-Cd2+双离子体系吸附动力学过程和等温吸附效果进行研究.结果表明,不同离子体系中,在相同初始浓度情况下,面包酵母菌对Pb2+的吸附量总是大于对Cd2+的吸附量.试验条件下,面包酵母菌对Pb2+、Cd2+的单离子体系和Pb2+-Cd2+双离子体系等温吸附符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附量qmax分别为0.414 9 mmol/g、0.346 8 mmol/g和0.488 5 mmol/g.SEM/EDS分析表明,Pb2+、Cd2+被吸附到菌体上,造成菌体变形或出现破裂,并使内部物质外泄,这可能是吸附进行一定时间后出现二次吸附过程的主要原因.灭活面包酵母对Pb2+和Cd2+具有良好的吸附效果,对Pb2+-Cd2+双离子体系的吸附,离子间的点位竞争和联合毒性作用是影响体系总体吸附效果的重要因素.     

聚丙烯酰胺助凝处理VAE乳液废水效能研究

为了获得醋酸乙烯-乙烯共聚乳液(VAE乳液)废水的有效处理方法,通过混凝试验比较了不同类型聚丙烯酰胺对FeCl3混凝-气浮工艺的助凝效果,重点研究了阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺CZ4060,确定了其最佳的投加时间、pH值及与FeCl3的复配投量.结果表明,CZ4060对FeCl3具有明显的助凝作用,其最佳的投加点是紧随FeCl3之后投加,最佳的pH值范围为7～9,最佳絮凝时间为8 min,与FeCl3的最佳复配投量为1.5 mg/L和100 mg/L.最佳实验条件下,原水COD为3 085 mg/L时,出水COD降为55.28 mg/L,达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)要求的一级排放标准.     

自动变光焊接滤光镜的转换时间的特性及测量

本文论述了自动变光焊接滤光镜转换时间的含意及重要性,通过实际测量数据定量论述了转换时间随温度变化、驱动电路变化、液晶变化而产生的不同变化,介绍了对转换时间的测量方法及对测量精度的合理认识,并对该重要指标的合理标注提出了建议。     

失效路径长度对结构系统安全可靠性的影响

运用钢结构系统可靠性的安全评定原则,以立体车库钢结构系统为研究对象,建立主要失效模式安全余量方程,计算失效概率.在对风载荷和地震载荷分布进行模拟的基础上,通过对立体车库大型钢结构系统的算例进行分析,探讨了失效路径长度对大型钢结构系统失效准则与安全可靠性的影响,提出在结构整体承载能力未出现下降的情况下,失效路径长度取得越大越好的结论.该结论对大型钢结构可靠性的工程应用有指导意义.     

煤与瓦斯突出影响因素评价分析的模糊层次分析方法

在综合分析煤与瓦斯突出的影响因素的基础上,采用模糊层次分析法（FAHP）建立了煤与瓦斯突出模糊层次分析模型并进行了实例分析,确定了煤与瓦斯突出各影响因素的权重系数。评价结果表明：地应力、地质构造、瓦斯压力等是影响煤与瓦斯突出的主要因素。为制定相应的煤与瓦斯突出防治措施,提供了科学的理论依据和切合实际情况的评价方法。     

增强企业内安全培训能力对策研究

依据中日合作项目《加强中国安全生产科学技术能力计划》成果,对比分析了中日对企业安全培训相关法规要求,明确了各自的优点、缺点,提出通过开展企业内安全培训负责人培训可增强企业内安全培训能力,并在宁波进行了试点。提出应当重视企业内安全培训工作,对生产经营单位安全培训规定进行修改,制定配套实施细则和办法,开展企业内安全培训负责人培训、把班组长培训制度化、充分利用外部培训机构等增强企业内安全培训能力的对策和建议。     

危化品事故应急辅助决策支持系统的研究

该文提出了以一个事故工程文件处置、管理一次事故的思想。根据危险化学品事故发生的一般特点和事故处置的一般程序,建立了危险化学平事故应急辅助决策支持软件平台。该软件平台利用GIS技术实现了事故的基本情况、事故初始处置、事故事态发展、现场监测预警等功能,在软件平台的基础上搭配相应的硬件设备组成一套完整的应急辅助决策系统。     

突发事件现场警戒区域的研究

阐述了事故危险区域、现场警戒区域的基本概念、设置目的和原则,提出将突发事故现场警戒区域分为三层,分别对应现场封锁线、警戒封锁线和交通封锁线,并就吸入毒性危害物质泄漏、燃气泄漏、建筑物火灾等事故,制定了具体的设置方法。现场警戒区域的设定,可在较小成本投入的前提下,通过采取积极的防范和应对措施,有效减少人员伤亡和财产损失,提高救援效率和效果。     

Emissions of SO2, NO and N2O in a circulating fluidized bed combustor during co-firing coal and biomass

This paper presents the experimental investigations of the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O in a bench scale circulating fluidized bed combustor for coal combustion and co-firing coal and biomass. The thermal capacity of the combustor is 30 kW. The setup is electrically heated during startup. The influence of the excess air, the degree of the air staging, the biomass share and the feeding position of the fuels on the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O were studied. The results showed that an increase in the biomass shares resulted in an increase of the CO concentration in the flue gas, probably due to the high volatile content of the biomass. In co-firing, the emission of SO2 increased with increasing biomass share slightly, however, non-linear increase relationship between SO2 emission and fuel sulfur content was observed. Air staging significantly decreased the NO emission without raising the SO2 level. Although the change of the fuel feeding position from riser to downer resulted in a decrease in the NO emission level, no obvious change was observed for the SO2 level. Taking the coal feeding position R as a reference, the relative NO emission could significantly decrease during co-firing coal and biomass when feeding fuel at position D and keeping the first stage stoichiometry greater than 0.95. The possible mechanisms of the sulfur and nitrogen chemistry at these conditions were discussed and the ways of simultaneous reduction of SO2, NO and N2O were proposed.     

Vertical and temporal distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus and relationship with their influencing factors in aquatic-terrestrial ecotone： a case study in Taihu Lake, China

Vertical and temporal distributions of N and P in soil solution in aquatic-terrestrial ecotone （ATE） of Taihu Lake were investigated, and the relations among N, P, ORP （oxidation reduction potential）, TOC, root system biomass and microorganism were studied. As a whole, significant declines in TN, NO3^--N, DON （dissolved organic nitrogen） and TP concentration in soil solution have occurred with increase of the depth, and reached their minima at 60 cm depth, except for NH4^＋-N, which increased with depth. The concentration of TP increased gradually from spring to winter in the topsoil, the maximum 0.08 mg/L presented in the winter while the minimum 0.03 mg/L in spring. In the deeper layer, the concentration value of TP fluctuated little. As for the NO3^--N, its seasonal variation was significant at 20 cm depth, its concentration increased gradually from spring to autumn, and decreased markedly in winter. Vertical and temporal distribution of DON is contrary to that of NO3^--N. The results also show that the variation of N and P in the percolate between adjacent layers is obviously different. The vertical variation ofTN, TP, NO3^--N, NH4^＋-N and DON is significant, of which the variation coefficient of NO3^--N along the depth reaches 100.23%, the highest; while the variation coefficient of DON is 41.14%, the smallest. The results of correlation analysis show that the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus correlate significantly with TOC, ORP, root biomass and counts of nitrifying bacteria. Most nutrients altered much from 20 to 40 cm along the depth. However, DON changed more between 60 and 80 cm. Results show that soil of 0-60 cm depth is active rhizoplane, with strong capability to remove the nitrogen and phosphorus in ATE. It may suggest that there exists the optimum ecological efficiency in the depth of above 60 cm in reed wetland. This will be very significant for ecological restoration and reestablishment.