基于数据包络分析（DEA）的中国节能降耗实证研究

能源是人类赖以生存的基础,也是社会经济可持续发展的重要约束,能源效率越来越受到国际社会的关注.我国"十一五"规划纲要中明确提出了到2010年实现GDP能耗降低20%的量化指标,节能降耗已经上升为基本国策.通过对2000-2007年中国能源利用状况的分析以及各省能源效率的测算,得出中国能源消费结构不合理、能源效率区域差异较大的结论.     

Modification of Fe–Mn mixed oxide COS removal sorbent by rare-earth oxides addition

In order to develop highly active sorbent for COS removal, Fe–Mn mixed oxides doped with CeO₂, La₂O₃ or Sm₂O₃ were studied. The effects of these promoters on the structural properties of Fe–Mn oxides were investigated by XRD, BET, TPR and TEM techniques. XRD results revealed that the degree of crystallinity of Fe–Mn oxide phase decreased due to the addition of rare-earth oxides. Doping with CeO₂, La₂O₃ or Sm₂O₃ led to an increase in BET surface area of the sample. TPR studies showed that the reactivity of the reduction of doped samples increased in the temperature range of 300–450 °C. In addition, the desulfurization test was performed at 325 °C with a gas hourly space velocity of 1000 h⁻¹. It was found that the addition of 3% La₂O₃ greatly improved the absorption sulfur capacity of the sorbent, while the sorbent doped 3% CeO₂ achieved a sufficiently high purifying degree before breakthrough.     

钢铁企业人员行为规范程度定量测量技术的研究

人员行为的控制与规范,对钢铁企业确保安全具有非常重要的作用.实现对人员行为规范程度的定量测评,将能够促进人员行为控制由定性向定量的转化,推进企业安全管理向精细化转变.     

基于临水区域化工园区的整体安全研究

针对临水区域化工园区的生产特点及在整体安全方面存在的普遍问题,提出在临水区域化工园区内要进行合理布局,做到功能分区明确;同时需建立园区安全生产管理、监测预警及应急处置系统,主要是由固定危险源和移动危险源动态安全管理子系统、安全生产监测预警系统、突发事故应急处置平台等所组成;坚持安全监控信息化与标准化,对化工园区的整体安全性的提高将发挥巨大的作用,为建设"平安园区"打下坚实的基础。     

基于BP模型对城市交通噪声的数据处理和预测

城市交通噪声的预测和评价技术是城市交通可持续发展的重要研究内容,直接为城市交通规划中环境容量分析和环境影响评价服务。本文通过实测的大量数据,运用神经网络中的BP模型及其算法建立车辆数、道路宽度和交通噪声之间的关系,对城市道路交通噪声数据进行处理和预测。     

盐生植物种子萌发的特点及其生理基础

用NaCl和等渗PEG处理8种盐生植物和2种非盐生植物种子。结果表明：NaCl和等渗PEG对所有种子的萌发率都产生抑制作用,而且PEG（对盐生植物）的抑制程度大于等渗NaCl,NaCl对盐生植物萌发的抑制水平随处理时间延长而降低,但对非盐生植物种子萌发率的抑制程度增大到8d以后即不再增大。另外,在0．6MPaNaCl下,随处理时间延长,盐地碱蓬和琐琐种子的α－淀粉酶活性不断提高,SOD活性基本不变,但小麦和大麦种子的α－淀粉酶活性在处理8d后接近最大值,SOD活性显著下降,这些结果说明,影响盐生植物种子萌发率的因素与渗透胁迫,种子内部一些关键酶的活性及萌发过程中大量吸收和积累盐离子等都有关系。图6参19     

低温浓缩-气相色谱/质谱法分析固定污染源废气中的丙烯腈

建立了固定污染源废气中丙烯腈的气袋采样-低温浓缩-气相色谱/质谱分析方法。结果表明,该法在丙烯腈质量浓度16.1~4 050μg/m~3范围内具有良好的线性,相关系数R~20.999,检出限为9.54μg/m~3,回收率、日内与日间精密度均符合质控要求,能够满足废气中丙烯腈分析的要求。     

低温浓缩-气质联用分析污染源废气中环氧氯丙烷

建立了气袋采样-液氮低温浓缩-气质联用分析污染源废气中环氧氯丙烷的方法,优化了相关监测参数。优化后的方法在环氧氯丙烷质量浓度10~500μg/m~3范围内线性良好,相关系数0.999,加标回收率为72.1%~85.7%,相对标准偏差5%,气体进样量为5.0 mL时,检出限为4.37μg/m~3,可以满足废气中环氧氯丙烷监测的要求。     

Using ecological memory as an indicator to monitor the ecological restoration of four forest plantations in subtropical China

A large area of plantations has been established worldwide and especially in China. Evaluating the restoration status of these plantations is essential for their long-term management. Based on our previous work, we used an ecological memory (EM) approach to evaluate four 26-year-old plantations that represent four common kinds of plantations in subtropical China, i.e., mixed broad-leaved plantation (MBP), mixed coniferous plantation (MCP), eucalyptus plantation (EP), and mixed legume plantation (MLP). Comparing them with the regional climax community, i.e., monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest (BF), all four plantations accumulated nearly the same pattern of EM during succession. EM was >50 % for soil minerals, light conditions, soil age, soil animals, and soil microbes. EM was about 25 % for soil pollen and 10 % for birds, soil seed bank, and plant species. The total EM value of the four plantations ranged from 50.96 to 52.54, which indicated that all four plantations were in the regional, natural trajectory of succession and between the early and medium successional stages. The results indicated that natural succession processes are unlikely to be accelerated by planting late-stage tree species without sufficient EM. The results also demonstrated that all four plantations were in positive successional trajectories, and the positive succession dynamics were greater in the MLP and MCP. We suggest that the entire natural succession trajectory be used to evaluate the restoration of a site and that the ultimate restoration target be divided into several milestones along the reference trajectory to monitor progress. Forest restoration may be accelerated by starting with a minimum dynamic unit supporting sufficient EM.     

Arsenic and other trace elements in groundwater and human urine in Ha Nam province,the Northern Vietnam: contamination characteristics and risk assessment

The contamination characteristics of arsenic and other trace elements in groundwater and the potential risks of arsenic from the groundwater were investigated. Elevated contamination of arsenic, barium and manganese was observed in tube-well water of two villages (Chuyen Ngoai and Chau Giang) in Ha Nam province in the Northern Vietnam. Concentrations of As in the groundwater ranged from 12.8 to 884 µg/L with mean values in Chuyen Ngoai and Chau Giang were 614.7 and 160.1 µg/L, respectively. About 83 % of these samples contained As concentrations exceeding WHO drinking water guideline of 10 μg/L. The mean values of Mn and Ba in groundwater from Chuyen Ngoai and Chau Giang were 300 and 657 μg/L and 650 and 468 μg/L, respectively. The mean value of Ba concentration in groundwater in both Chuyen Ngoai and Chau Giang was about 22 % of the samples exceeded the WHO guideline (700 µg/L). Arsenic concentrations in human urine of residents from Chuyen Ngoai and Chau Giang were the range from 8.6 to 458 µg/L. The mean values of Mn and Ba in human urine of local people from Chuyen Ngoai were 46.9 and 62.8 μg/L, respectively, while those in people from Chau Giang were 25.9 and 45.9 μg/L, respectively. The average daily dose from ingesting arsenic for consuming both untreated and treated groundwater is from 0.02 to 11.5 and 0.003 to 1.6 μg/kg day, respectively. Approximately, 57 % of the families using treated groundwater and 64 % of the families using untreated groundwater could be affected by elevated arsenic exposure.